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1 𾴵á
ߵĻǰŮзִһŮһ𡣣
ʹ
誻ָʶĵһӦ
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ѾĵڶˣҲҺɽ磬һѡ
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ž޴գֻҪ֪ԼҪݻ͹ˡ
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ռֲнֹɴűʳ˫۾۾ȡĴ
ϵͳ£˳ӵı˫ۣͼжһ鼮һԿס
˫֣Կ׾Уɫڻġ
۾Ĭſռ֣һһ羰ǰ档
ռĻֻһݣһˮ
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ռ价ֶԺеϵͳʵǿռ𣿡
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˾ˮˮܶ࣬ȰϴɾȻˮȡ
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еԵͷ
ˮû͵Ļʮѳԣ誻ѡԱ۵ѹӢѿ
ժһѹӢѿֿéԱߵ˶С
̨ʲôûУֻ֣ٴ۷éݣǸڵó˹ߡ
ҲʲôûУһû˹ľ˰취
ʹļӣéݵĲݴŷõޱ
ȻץһЩ޻Ȼȥ̨ץһѲľҡ
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2 ֪ˡ
ǰһλСĻСѲ
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ÿռľˮҶ˼ϴװЩˮֱӷڻϿ
ܿˮտ誰ѹӢҶŽȥһȲĳ
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ȵһ˻ߣ·Ҳ̫ߡ
˵㶫Ҳûôˣ֮Ҫ֤档
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ԭԾԾԵ250Ļʱסʲôޣ𣿡
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뵽ռĿյأְѹӢ𣬻صݽռ
ܿͺˣէûԭļ䣬֪ڵǸʲôݣϵͳϵͳҲ
Ψһ֪ģϵееࡣ
ϵͳĴ½ߴŷΪࡣ
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ǰ߶ǿ߶깥Ҳһʵ﹥ľ
ΪҪʮǿƻ棬ҩȻʹںϡ
ʦ֮ҲԷ
佣ʦΪһߡʿ佫Ľʥ߽ۡ˽
ӦģʦʦҲˡ
һֻа˸׼;úҲͦ򵥵ġ
ǣ
ÿһﻹʮǵĿȣڣֻǸŵһߣɴһĴڡ
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ݻƵҶӲݣжѾʱڣϻе䡣
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誾ϵͳǸ䣬ƲƲͿʼˡ
ҹԽԽ䣬誸оЩܲˡ
һܿ𣬿ǱƷһֱ©磬ʮܣϵͳȥռ𣿡
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ҪڿռԼѼĵرƿռ䡣Ϊʱܶ࣬250ҲûһֱϽ
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ϾǸıǮ
ţɵռ¡
ڶ컹û誾𴲳˿ռ䣬éĻѵ»е̿
ץ˰éݣ˼ľ°ѻһҰ˳ԡ
׽ſɬҰˣ̲סҲ֪˳ԵҰûôࡣ
ϵͳûлشⲻķΧ֮ڡ
ͣһ죬̫ɽʱ˵ʲôҲҪȥԿܲŪˡ
Ұ¶ǣӶŤһˡ
ϵͳûзҲû֧֡
ദҲϵͳΪԼΣйص飬ʱܡ
ţ˼ȥ㡣
Դḻյ誾ͿȥĺɫС㣬誶˲ġ
ߵ߽ƽĺˮǿԼڵӣﵹӰһʮҵСʮ԰ס
һСǳϴһɫɴ£ǳɫ廨ȹ
·ӺܴȹҲܳһ廨Ȼµ˿ʮƮݡ
ܴôһͲͨ·Ųʲôͨ˼ҵĹ
ǲ֪ΪʲôһĬĬɽˡ
ҲûᣬͷֶźСˮ
ûйߣ˺С·ϣѡһСľ̰ϡ
ǺȻҲɵӣû
˶Դ߻éݣտʲô
ûóȻǺϵͳûпʲô᲻Ұ˰ɣ
ϵͳһ˸ղŵǻش[һֻſڷ˼ӡ
ͷðʺţͻȻ뵽ſڿǶѹӣ𣿡
[ˡϵͳش
ߵĻСǶ۰ȣȻҪgiˣ



3 ӵë
ҲȻ֪Ϊʲôԭ͹ӡ
ǼԷѾˣ֮ǰŵĹӶҲû˺ԭӦòʲôΣա
صé⣬ͿǶùԱַ˼ɫͻɫĹӣӸͷȭͷСžʮˡ
誼ӣſտѹǸллĹˡ
谵ֻз紵ҶɳɳۼҪ͸Ҳæ߽é
ΪˮԳԣҲҰˣʹϵͳȷʳãڵݴϿ
ճԥʣµһԵʱ洫һҰ޵ĵͺ
ʲôֻһ㣬˻㤣󱳷
ûڣϵͳ˵[⵽ֻʳصռʱܡ
һʮȰĶؿռ䣬ռ俴ȴܸܵõһΧûлڡ
źĲԹϴ˯
ڶϣžһƬϵͳҲ˵û誾ͳ˿ռ䡣
ȻǰһĻȴʯԭأĿɿڴĿܣ⡭ô£
ǵãؿռʱԭȻõôܵéݻǺúõġ
ȴѾһƬϣ֧ŷľͷҲ۶ڵϣƺʲôĽӡĿӦǱȶϵġ
ܵľҲѵ컹С·ǳһ޹Ѻۡ
ǿƻǰ̵ᵽԼϵĵλжôС
űݻٵéݣ̾˿
ºˣʧ꼰㣬ʱڷ絲ĵطûˡ
뵽ϵͳӦеܣʵϵͳȺסĵطԶ𣿡
ϵͳʱѾͼκεط֪ߣ˵[Ŷʮһ򡣣
ʮԿǶʹˡ
ͽʮﲻ⣬ǣһҪô죿
ţǾ˵
éҰҰѾ֪ȥˣǸ붼ûˡ
ܱƻòӣֻȥԶĵطѰʳ
ҲԴӷҵƱӰ޻ͲľռͰϵķ뿪
·ϣ˵ҰҶϵͳļ·һֻͨҰ
ôҲǸһߣ誰չϵָѹĴָѹסָ˸̫
Ŀ΢Уϻһɫ
Ϸת̧𣬶׼Ұʱ֣ɫֱҰȥ
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Ҳ֪ϵͳ˼˵ķȥ
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֮⣬ϻսĺۼֻſڵϢٵġ
ôأкϵͳ[ϵͳа취Ծ𣿣
Ļϵͳƺ⣬ʮ⣺[ޣȷҪ
[һֻӵë׶ѣ˵ˣôҲǹһ𣿣調Ŵش
ԸºͣСʱ⹫ɽڵһ͸úܺãιƤӾܻˡ
ʮֻǺȥʱ򣬱ɶĴɲˡ
ϵͳԼҳһ£Ŷ˵[һµһֽĵͼݣҶƬʺɫǳɫģƣָ
˵֮ϵͳѵ[Աһֻһ׶ǵ¹ޣȷҪȥ𣿣
[ԡݿëҰ׵ľ޴˵Լпռ䣬Σջܶȥ
[ף˳ϵͳ˵ٴ
ٴΰϵͳ˵ķȥ˳б͵ɽ·£һСʱһȽϿϿȴ
ﱻڵ⣬ЩɭŲסȥͬʱĿܡ
ڣһ֦ҶïӾ޴·һԿɫССݡ
һɫС課ȷʵ[𣿣
ϾԭΪɲݶʮѵãֱӳһƬе㲻ȷˡ
[ǵϵͳشһ䡣
ڷģٵİ˺üöռʱоһëƺ
ͬʱϵͳҲʾ[Сģ
ƾűһ㿪ղŴĵطͱʲôըһƬʯ



4 С㣿
ͣſڵϾֺµתͷȥͿղԼݵĵطһֻɫ¹
ֻ¹쳣޴˫۷Źĺɫûƺʮֲá
ž¹е⣬ڵСĵĺˡ
һ߻͵͵ٰݣռǸ¹磬ֻժݾûð˼
¹ûע⵽Ķֻǲͷ˿ȥ
課ֱӰȾܣŵĽŲͷһأ[ϵͳϵͳô찡
ϵͳռܣǿôǿܵñ¹죬ǸĿ˵[ܣطΧͲ׷ˣ
ԣֻܼͷǰ塣
ڣĽŲԽԽԶֱϵͳ˵¹ˣ˫һֱӸˡ
ôãֿۣؿڸҪըһʶӿռˮȵʱŻһ
ǣпռ䣬ʲô
ϵͳƺ֪뷨˵[ռֻǱƲѵĲǲҪռ䡣
Ϊռ䲻ƶһĵĵ˶أǽ޿ӵľ档
課ˣϵͳĽ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ȷʵʲôԼ
ˮоղܷϵ˫ȺһЩȻ˼Ұ伢ɽ¡
ٴλصߵʱϵͳָݵ飬ҩ֭ͿĨ˿ڡ
Ȼý
ЩﻹʣһݣΪҩ᲻˷ѣСĵֵռľˮԱߡ
ϵͳ˵˿ռûһܴԡ
ͷæµʱûע⵽Աߵ󻺻۾һۺֱϡ
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誳˿תͷֿ˴һһۣûסɵëһллĹӣˣټѽ
ʹ˱誾ͷҲص뿪ûɫʯһԲ۾
ЩıӰ׽ſеĵͼɲݸжѡ
ôȻܸɲݡ
誻֪Լˣһӵõʮ֣оʵҲôѡ
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ɹһֱߵյգ̲סϵͳʵŻжòܵϰоҪˡ
[ٶ̫ˣ˲幫ϵͳĪָԶһ
幫ķ֮һͷ󺹣оð̵Ӷժˡ
ɣ
룬ȥժӣϾΪĿˡ
ʱϵͳ˵[⵽ĲݴһҰҪ£
ҪҪҪҪӶڴҰ۾ˡ
ժֱһ˵ĲݴȻּŸͷ󣬵װʮ˵ļ
һ˸ȫյռСķźá
ϵͳ˫ð̹ĬĬܣûٷʲôʳõĶˡ
ժ˲Ӻһյذʯͷܺ׼𣬻ûӿռó޻ϵͳ˵ˣŮһС
ûһҲأͷ갢̺һ塣
Ҳû£Ϊֻ·˶ѣû뵽ڿʱˡ
һŲɫ黨ȹİ̸ָͬ麰죡ץס
϶ʱðʺţûӦͱΧס
Ҫʲô誾Ŀӿռһ΢Сһ㣬ѡʯͷ
УŰ컨·˿һɸֵü˵
С㣬Ҳ̫ˣֻΪ˿Ű͵ôأ
˵ĻԺü뷨Ȼе㷢𣬵Ц
Ǻǣ飿ǿ黹ҪԼ֪СòײŻҲ㿴͸ˣǾ͵˰ɣ
˵һ˦ӾҪ뿪һ뵽ԭɽֻЩ˾Ȼֻ赭д˵һ俼飬誾Ϊԭֵ
·Ů˶˶ǰҲõĿС㣬ԣ
誱ҲʲôƢֱӾŭˣֱ̧Ӵ˹ȥ
Ůû뵽ͻȻ֣ǿɫ嵭ʱĲѡ
򵽵ϵʹоˡ



5 ԭļ
С㣡ĳɹˣҲϾϲЦݡ
СҩȻЧ̫С㣬ӽҲһǴĲݰˣһŻɫ·ŮҲ˵
ͨ仰誴ƲԭĿ䣬ֱת뿪
ָСȥģȻѾΪʿǾͿǻȥˣȥ֮ٲһ츳
ϺС㣬˵̬ȴûһ˿𾴡
ԭǣϵͳָı⡣
æ·ϵͳעǣȻͱ۾һĮӡ
˿¶΢΢мҲû˵ʲô
ٶȲ죬Ǳߵÿˡ
յﻺֳһԭļ䡣
ΪԭǸŮһתͷߡ
ûԭ׵ĳ谮ԭӾͱˣԭŮ˾ͰԹ޷йԭϡ
ԭֻǸӤʱ;Űѩ׷ɵĺԭŵĹԺѾǼҳ㷹
һ⣬˦һܰԭǴѪ
֮⣬ԭһܳһʿǸϺûǸ
ԭʮʱ򣬶ȥһõĵط⣬ĶֱĿ鲻ͬɫľʯ
궼ûзӦȥ֮ԭͻǸ񶾵Ůһٶ
ǸԭֵܵĶŮȻҲǱȥ⣬ͬҲûзӦȴ⵽ֶԴ
ԭĻ䣬ѹֵķŭ
ͥҸְǸ徯죬ȭ׶԰԰ܵһСѧ
Сһػû
辭ߵĻǺǸĸõǸĸϵϣ
ĺܲ⣬ԼĺӾˣΪʲôҪŰ
뵽ԭҵõһͨνطЦˡ
Ǹطһεƭӣԭ游Ǯġ
Ϊҩвٶû˸ҩԭĶýͳ⣬ԭСҩ
ԭļǱ͵Ǹéݲűҩġ
ԭȻͬ⣬ҲʮĶǹҲôһҩȥ
ԲŰԭģܳɹͳɹܳɹǸéݷ֮ˡ
뵽ԭҩʹڵϲͣȴȥ誾̲סҡͷֵ̫ˡ
ҩûԭֻʹιȥˣҩΪˣԾˡ
ͽԭһéƱӻ·ؤŲĸԭϵġ
Щ䣬Ȼ˫ۡ
ڶ¸˿Ŀʱһ
عֲĿôС㣿ͻȻūһ
ûʲô誹˹ֱ˫ۡ
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ϳ˵ȥ߼Сɹˣ
ŷ⻰Ҳ˲ѵܽ
߳ǼЦһ¡
ܿ죬誱װβ׵ĿѾۼ˲ɫɫˡ
׵һ׷ͷŰƻǽĻơ
誣ɫЩƵĳΪʿ
Ƶԭ֡
Ա߻վһΣѲˣԭס
ջĿû˵ֻչʾ
Ʈϵһ˶Ծ
չʾջոճɹûãĿǰֻ㱾¡
׷ͷջϲѵĵͷúúã޼ҰܼңСȥϴһ£Ȼȥã
ûоܾŹܼȥ·ԭĸʱ򣬲ƺʲô˵Ҳûᡣ
ȻéݣҲڿռϴһ壬Ϊû·ԲϴҲʮʲݡ
ʹʹϴ˸ˮûѡĻѡͨһ
ϸڲûע⵽һȺִӵš
ȥõ·ϣһֱ׷ͷţû鷳
ϵͳ誶֪Ǽ˫ʵ۾ɴˡ
һģãǸ佣ʦʮ佫
ԭļǸǳ˲Ĵڡ
˵ñ鲼ĴΪ޺ţÿ궼Ѹ˲ԡ
ֻٿ޼ˣõ˶е㷳ˣϾûһ츳ġ
ڼĿһУ߸ϵͷǰȴⱰ΢ˣҼŮ˻Եܳɹˣͷæʲô츳
˵꣬һɫС
ߴһУսΪϡ



6 ôܣ
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ֻһۣͿǸСϲͬʡ
ͬΪʿȻܸоԷϵҲһۿľ硣
ͽʿڸ߽ʿǰεģǶԷʲôıǱǿŲԷĵȼ
޿ĿࣺǾһɡ
Ҳò΢΢һЦŽȥʮ˿ҲʮͷɽȻ档
ϵͳ߹ʿܳ׾ͻӻ˥ϣʥ׾ഺפ
ͨʿһҲԻ꣬ΪԽԽ
һȣһ䳡ϻвľ޶
Ŀбӣ˼Ŀʯͷǰ
ʯͷǳģȽϴֲڣҲһЩ
ңֱ佣áĲʯֻҪִȥ츳ʯͷͻ
âԽʢ˵츳Խߣ֮ûС
ʯͷرǣû壬ֻҪ츳
ΪѰ˵һ̫ңԶûķǲԼġ
ԲʯҲѰʿĹܣҲΪԭһҾԡ
ţַŵһ佣ʯϡ
һ̣ʯͷ΢ǿҴ۵Ľɫâ
âǿ޷ֱӣԭĲɵ޼Ҳ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۡ
𾪹ּǼƷ츳
ͷ˵ֵܣǲѣһ˰˼Ʒľ츳Σ
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ĸǾͷˡ
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˵óʣµһݡ
ԭ츳óһӲҲؽˣû뵽ȻһһƷҩ
شҩѵãȻϵͣҲƷݣС
˼Ҳּһ弶ԽԽϡҪҲԽǿ̡
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Щɲ׽٣ÿ𻹸ҩԡƷ򣬷ϡŹֵġ
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Աߵĵӣĺƣȥȡһǧʦá
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⻰誵ǶƷ˵øУ޼ЩˣǸ˾ӡ
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Ʊ߶߶˵˺þãͷִ誻޼ҡ
·ϣ˿ʼ˵ʲôԺ󷢴˿ǧ˱Ҫס޼ҵ࣬ԭĸһüͷ­
ص޼ңͷͺɫĶ˵ЩˣȻȥúЪЪ游˸׼ӷϴ
ֻͷŹܼһķ䡣
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ͷЩˣҲǲ֪ԭ֮ǰʲô
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תͷĻϵͳʵ[Ǵ𣿣
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ڳɹ誣޳Ʒ츳Ҳ
ôԼ츳Щ˿ģôܲԭҵʬЩԼҫ
[ʲôϵͳԽԽŪ뷨ˡ
[ȵ֪ˡ˸ӣӿռó˷ĲصռѼ졣
žˮһ課ŸоŤĳӱ˳ˡ
ͬʱҲ̲סٴοԭ
˾츳Ҳûһ˹
ڣûʹʲʶһ̸㶼ûС
ŶԣԭѾˣΪղŶҪˡ
ţ˿ռ䡣
ϵͳǸʲôҩãѾȲֱ֮ӻֲһƬƲʡ
ϵͳָʾ±ܿ޸˷ǽ뿪
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ףâҫ۲ѵˣ
Ⲩɧϵͳ˷ʱ䣬Ϊ˺ڡ
뿪޸һòĲׯ·ֱӻ֮ѯϰġ



7 ˽ԭԵ
˲˵͹ưȻƷʮֻѼֲ֣ٽףٽ֮ڰˡ
ⲻֻǼ򵥵ʳİĻ汣ϰ
֪һôֵǮӦö޶һģ
ʱ˿̣ЩԼǸˡ
ٻȥ뷨ҲУԼڲһһǣ¹ɱ
ûǣ幫ﲻĵطֻޣ
ţ״ԾԾԵͷ
ľǽֹȥ̯˲ɱõţ⣬Ȼ˲ձͷȸ
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һҼԺΪͷ֮һĽңȰˡ
ӱһٻķ
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ǸҩҲԲˣСŰôԭûǸˡ
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пŮųӦñ˲٣ϴһֳصʡ
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ܿ췹һС̳ˣһ⳴񣬻һˣܷʢζͦ㡣
ҲǴֲ裬ӦһѲҶһ֣ϱƷĲ˵ˮȽϴˣڿֲ趼᲻ˡ
Ҳû
Ҳڿȴˣֵ
һɰð˱ǻڷĺ߶˹ȥʱ̲ס˿ڿˮ
һȹŮע⵽Ŀ⣬ż򵥵ķˣط׵·ͷϻֻϵһɫ֮ġ
ûСһϣŮӾȿڣСǸҲһݡ
Ͽ͹١СҲûж뷨Ӧһȥ˲ˡ
ʱ䣬ⶼǰţԽԽζģֱӽȥ˳ͺá
Ĵһ誾Ȳļһŵ
ղĿǰޣĺþûԹôĺˣ
ŮȻʧЦջĿƺԼ˱ơ
һǳ̳ȹż򵥷٣ǳɫ黨ʮֿɰĵŮӦСġ
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ӣӦǼ˵ĸ磬ʱҲǵü˵
аΪͣܿģѾŸʦţʦʦ棬ٵȵȰɡ
Ҳֻˡ뵽αԷߣ˶û˰취



8 ͵ӣ
һͷˮϵͳĴߴ£Ƥٴʵɳ֪λ˵ģʲôѽ
żϢʱҲǶһĵĻġ
ͨ˵֣ƽ򳤱ִĴָסʳָʮ
ȻǹǰݼһЩ¸صĳУ࣬ξ̨ϵıȭ
ֱȭ㵽Ϊֱֹȭȷָ£Ҳ
ҴĴָܶԼȻͻԵÿƱˡ
ϵͳעǣʵΪҲΪʲôղֻ΢΢ףȴҪԭ
ΪԷʵߣǰ
ŮЦסһʦһ֣ѻһʦǣҴʦᣬʦ꣬ʦ̡
λʦʦáٴʺãɳѶǱȽϿĳƺ
ԷԸһʦʦ㣬˵ԷԸᡣ
Ͼһ䱾ԴͬԴ͹ɣŰɣֻ·ϵһ;ѡ
ֵ֮ͬܽƣҲûʲôë
糤ׯò㣬ʵں棬Ҳ͵ġ
ԭڸسǷ˺öͯʧٵ¼ͯʧûãǼзֻͯʣºǵ塣
ʦԴˣȻҪܡ
ǶԷټ죬ÿζȫˣǰס˶ԷȴǱԷɹˡ
뵽ˣתаޣȭɶаޣҪǱץһҪһ׷̣֮
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ȻЩͬҲû˵ʲô׷źȥ
ۿǺҪ뿪˵׷ѰΧ̷˺һӿٶȡ
ʱϵͳָһõϢһæż˴󺰣ʦʦ㣬ĺڱʳѾ첻ˣ
ԶʱһȼߵȥҲ
調ż޲ܳ˫ȥСȻ
̧˫֣һ־󣬿֧󷨣ֻʦ㣬ң
ĻʶͷͿʵߵ誱ֳһϵķͼڡ
ͼδһֻԼΧĺɫ
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˫ǰһơ
Ķоľͬһһдӷз˳ȥźɫβ׷ϺӺд˹ȥ



9 
񴩹ĺܵشֱӴӰлһ
һŲڷзϣץ׼ʱȥͬʱµĺͯס
誣ʹֻ屻Ϳһ㣬֫ͷζ
翴˲԰ף·ȫͿյҲæסĵʵô
ãе顣ҡҡͷ׷еĹ׵ģʹǾѪ
ʵ̫ʹûֱӰˡ
Ȼ֪ʹõʲô󣬵Ҳ֪ʹ÷ʮ;ֱӴء
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á誵ͷ
ϵͳʱҲĵĿ[㻹ʩչ̫ΣˣҪûа㣬ᱻ˸ɵģ
󣬹˼˸߽޵ľ꣬󷨿ٻ񷢶
쳣ҪʹߵҲһɱҪ
ѪΪܻ񱻷ľꡣ
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ϵͳҲѶԷʵ˸͸Ȼ츳ݣǶԷʵʵʵ׾ǣȻһˣ
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ҡҡͷ޼ҺڵĲƵ뿪Ǵʧı˵ĻԵѣƵ޼ûһӣԵǲиʣ˯ƾɲ񷿡
ÿձĸױ޴𷣣һһٶʮĿ޺һϧǺˣ𣿡
˵꣬ߣ䣬¶ռС۵˰̺ۡ
޲ͨˣ˵ͨԼץȥþһ鷳¡
ԭǲԭ˰̽Ҹ˿ģһˣƾʲôܵõ˵ͬ飿
Ķʶתͷ翴У۲ѵǰģһƬİ̺ۣ̫ˣô񶾵ļˣ
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ƴõĪԵһ̤ס
ȴû뵽úӾȻǱϤģȻͼȡ
̾˿ȻˣҲǿǰ·˳졣
лڳ˿



10 С㱻ץˣ
޲ҿԼڰץȥͽܡ
ֻǿ⼸˵λСѼȻĳԵ֮꣬һа޵ȥ
ʵղҲµҹѲʱа򣬻мʿ׷ϣԲų
û뵽һͿǵδСӲ㱻
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Ҫ˲עʱߣû뵽ͷȻһۡ
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ôóԵģ˷ѿɳܰ
缸Ҳó۰ʦͽԵ֣ҲԸ
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Ա㣬ް˴ȥϢ誵ֵһ䷿䣬Ҳ̲ס̾İ֮ġ
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޵ͷδֻǸһӣ·;ңԶһˣӣȥκһϢ
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ûоܾԷĺ⣬˫ֽӹ񣺡лл
뿪ã誱ǵķзȥ
ϾԼεСڿջջʱǮûҡ
û뵽뿪ãֽ̧סһǧֽףǧֽȶų򣬷һŮ
ʦܣ׷ѰǵټѾǾʲôλã
û뵽ô͵ˣˡ
ûã˾ҵɫƮݳۣòԼ˵Ůӡ
һԣһǶ˫á
òǺ񣬽㿴Ÿ͸һЩԾͱȽͨһ㡣
֪аѾҲˡ
ʦʦǣ˵ʦ֪𰲳ǣҸѴЩϵá
̺˫ùϵϺãĻȵ˵ôɣǸմó
˵һ飬תߡ
һӴֻǻû˵ڣһϲѵʹ
ãûˣ
С㣡С㣡
ҵ׵ﶼһеļе課ûͷҲ֪˭ˡ
ż˹񣺡λʦʦ㣬ڣ
˵ֱӳ˷ˡ
޼Ҽ˼״һ£ȸϣ˺ѷεĺ
߽ߣ
Сȵǰ
ǰ׷ȥʶǱסԼɡ
誣ܳȺ֮ԾͷɣȻɵòҲԶ벻⡣
޼һȥһֱں档
ʱ֨֨֨ϵͳҲѣ[ֻ󣡣
ͣ¿ֻ;޴ëףЦʵҵ𣿡
ѽ̣û뵽ҲǵԼĲѵĵͷش
Щ˻׷ֱβͰǰȥ
޼˿һĻֱĿѣ޼Сүһˤڵϡ
ԱߵҲֵĴ󺰣ˣС㱻ץˣ
誣ڴϣɣûһ˿ζëëЦһġ



11 վ
ãŴһٲǰͣ¡
誴ȿɰҲʮֿģô֪ģҵ𣿡
֪ΪʲôֻǾñȽС
ղϵͳϽһܶûܣֱֻ󲻻˺
С֫ͷ˵Ϊŵζ
ԲĴԴͱëëסС䣬誺ȥҽ誣أ
ҲܸټСԲĺɫ۾ͬıʯһ㣬Ļش𣺡ҽվš
誵ͷʵҿԽС𣿡
գҽ㰢誺òãվŵ˵ͷҲ˵
أˣû˵лллл㵱͵Ĺӡ調ֻ;޴󣬵ʮֿɰԲë˵
ûϵģӦöԶġվҡͷԵĻش
Ҫлл㡣ɰӣЩᣬ˵
׼Ժ󲻻ڻˣҪչ˺Լѽ
⣬طҲˣɰëӦҲټˡ
վиһĨɻ˵Ұɣ
һ𣿡ԾȵĿ
վŵͷȹôһ۸ô죿
ҲûмˣֱһֻռˣײͷҲ֪Ҫȥ
ҪǸ֪һֻ۸ˣ϶Цģ
ļô죿課Լ뵽ļˡ
վеί˵Ұ
ϵͳ״͵[ӦþҰޣǣô˵ȷʵزȥˡ
ϣֻ󣬱ϾֻΪͣһܳ䵱ߡ
ҪǣذˮݸӾˣ
ߣҿûкӸ㣬ںҲûǮһķûأȴԴ˵
Էȴվߴǰ̵ֶǰ֫ؿڣҿԱ㰡
誶ʱЦˣ֣ôӽԺָվǰ
վŲֵ˼Ҳֺ̧
һһʼͬУҪȥöվֱӰ誾ϣȥ
⣬課˼ĿվţǸ̫ˣǿܻẦ£һȥʳͶܿͳˡ
վſԴСգۼͱúͨһС
һϲȻŵԼϣЦŵ٩ôãҴɣ
ѽվͷĵĴӦһ
ֻŮǺãƯһġ
һһ˳ǣȻصջö
ջСҲ˿û¾ͺãСĻΪǱץأ
Ͼö˶˵˴ӷʧҺ洰ţ˶ġ
ɣץȥˡЦЦ͵
Сʱһ档
誵˵ͷ޼˻׷Ҳûֱͣȥö
ʱƹӣסһһǸǮҲһʮġ
ΪʱһˣƹҲû˵ҪǵǮ
ƹҵǮȥһЩ͡
ϵ󿴵Ǻ«ģֱצգڶһдҪ֡
ᣬǺ«һһ
Ȼ䱦
䱦ϰ屾ҲǸʿͽΪĹһֻͨʶΪԷʦ
ǰкʲô
㿴ЦЦòش
õģҪĻ߿ϰͷָָұߵǽϡ
ֻޣСһǣ϶ǼﳤǿиԼޡ
Բһٵϰ誵˱ˣܵĴС㣬ҲûܣֻǸԱ߿š
ϵͳһɨıִ඼ǺŪ˵ģֻ˵ʿҪɡ
ע⵽һѱԣ˵[Ǳһѽ
˳˵ķ߹ȥͿһһ㣬Щѵĳ
Ȼϵͳ˵ԣҲûлɣѽҿ
ȻѲȱƷƹĵǸ߿һۣ
˽ԭʥƷǰ˱ΧɱѽҲˣǲϲ¯һҲܵõһƷ
˵ţѽ
ǳﲢûиʦʦطǷëǵĴڡ
һλһǵʦ˹ţǶԷ̫ͣѽȻǲȱ֮Ҳ뱻Է̣ˡ
誵ͷӹǱĽ֪ѽô
ݽʮƷʯһٿšϰһ˵ֽʽ
誾ֱӰѽŻȥˡ
ûУʮƷɲݣ붼Ҫ룬ʯû˵
⡭ϰ屻Ĳ£˵ͽ׵Լǵޣôļ϶ʮӴ
ôƽӡ
Ǻǣڼﲻܳ裬ûǮ˼ֱӴ󷽷˵



12ûԱ
䱦ϰͬĿһۣΪʲôôʦȻܳ衣
ŷĳƷ𲽡
ԭԼСǮʱŷԼǺЦ
һɰƷëʣͼŻƷֽ˽ʣİ˰ӡ
ϰţͬҡҡͷ
ʿˡ
ڵѪ誻֪ϰڿĳйֱͣӳԶ뿪
ϵͳҲټ⵽Ҫ׬ȡ£ֻԵУȫԼŬˡ
ϣ誺վһտֹҹվſ˼ǳԱˣȴӿռóưջ
ΪҪһ𴳵誴ӿռ÷ŶҲûվţվҲֻ֣ǹԹſڻԱϢ
ֻŹķԽԽ㣬վŲëµС̲ס
誼Բĺ۾ŹǶ˸˵һԵ𣿡
ǽ˷廨ܲϽζζȽ㡣
ҪŶѽվ˵ͷ誸Լ򷹣۾˼ȣС
ΪÿӣֱӰķǰԼҲſӳ
ɫζȫƷʮվϲĳͣ£Ҳθɾˡ
[ǣⲻǳ𣿣ݿŴԵô㣬ϵͳ̲סƵ˵
Ц˵[˼ޣֲͨ󣬳ԵⲻǺ𣿣
̻˵壬ޣ˵ģޡ
ѪƣǱҪ׸ǲܿ˵ʥײܱΡ
[ðɣϵͳҲǷˡ
Ա㣬׼Ϣվȴҧȹڰ誸ȥһط
ôˣ課ĿĶ
վûлشֱӰϣɭȥ
ûãһɫסǵȥ·վҲ
ֱȥڰҧɺüڣߴ紦ͳһźɫξ嶪誡
öָξ壬ϵͳһ[ھϧеͼŶǣûʲôãӦÿԻ
ͨ˵һʼھͻʯ޺ħ޵ľʯ;
ھǶڷϣĵȼҲ
Խ߼ľΪϣķƷҲԽߡ
ʿõײ޳ɾˣһͻɢ
ħҲǸһھʿҲ޷ˣĵر޸
ŲľʯԿ޵С
õ޵վʮָˣ誷ºֻצԭ
誼״ӿռóһһֱ˲ڵһԲεĺ
ʲôѽںĶ誺ʵ
վŲ˲צצϵЦĿѽŰɣ
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ϵͳĻ誶ʱ۷Ź⣺ۣСѽ
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ѵô߼ɲݣѾˣֻӲͷƤԡ
һ¶ǣֻһӿǻ¸Űը֫ٺһĴʹ
ҵ֧ŲסڵأԱߵվűС壬Ķ֨֨ҽˣ㻹𣿡
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[죬㾮ˮкһ£ϵͳ״Ҳżˣæ˵
û誶֣վϾɢһ͵ĵɫâ֡
ڷɫâշ£誸оǹȵĸо˺ܶ࣬ȻоǹɱŰҴܵɵѱ
վٷɵֱһڰǸ鵰¡
誻͹Ҳ̲סˣǶƷɲݰһһСʿô԰
ܻΣ̫ˡ
أϵͳҰ
վżҲ誣´οɲô³çˣ֪֪ʿɲݿİ
彿ۣƤôҵѽղûԱôôѽ
Żʮ۵ŮεЦЦǺǣҾԡ
Ȼִϵͳס
ϵͳҲ͵[ʵҲ屬ģһֱںȿռˮ塣
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ϵͳƤЦЦ[㿴ܸղžͳһڣϾһǲǡ



13 ¼١
ûֱӱסվŵ壺ллСţԺҲˡ
վ֪ҲŵˣҲ֣´ǧˣƷ̫ͣôǿҩԡ
´ҵݾȥͱ˻ƷҩԣĵҩºͣҩҲӴ⣬ʺࡣ
Ŵĵ誸жţ֪ˡ
أʲôϵͳΪôãʶûõã
߰ɣȥϢˣ´ᵽɲݵζٴȥɣ´οɲֱӿˡ˵ţվٴα壬ϡ
صղŵĻԱߣ課һҺûûӳȥŻɽε
ûͷ⹦¾ܿˣ
ȻվŲûⷽʶ
һһ࣬Ȼ֪һ˯ȥ
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ҪҲһһ̫ˣֻͨѰ׬Ǯװ
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һһһĿ¹վŵıϱ뿪ɭ֡
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ͻȻվͣ½Ų̧ͷڿȻ˵誣ǰѪζҺŨ
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誼״ֱӴӿռһŵͽױִָ⳯ȥ
ûע⵽ǣõ˼֣ǴҲĹĳԱȥ
ûгֵķֻܼ
ǹ쳣ֱӶĹ
ʱ˿̣Ҳ˲ʲô£վŵĺ󱳣Сţ
վĻֱӰȻ׼ʱԾֱҧסĲӡ
޴ֱӹᴩֵĲӣҧĺǣȻצͳľˡ
һߣҲ˵Ĵ񣺡û°ɣ
ٺĴ忴ֵʬ壬һĴȺôû°ҵ޶ȫ˰
ǣ˿Ѫֻ̧һֹѪƵϡ
ʱҴĴ໥ų߾޴µɪɪ
һͱȽϴſ課ΡΡĿڣǵ𣿡
ˣʮ־Ŀֻ;޴زסĿ־ͺ⡣
ţ·ʧصĴӣҲЩѹ֡
һ㣬Ͳһ㰡һ׷ԲԵϹҲضĿ޺ƵĲʹıˡ
վűСſ誼ϣҲĬĬķʹ޵ˡ
[¼١ϵͳеҲЩӡ
Ȼɽ̶ͨˡ
İ޵ʱһԱûС
誵İ£һٵĴʼΪȥʬ塣
ЩʬССĲŲ꣬誸оһʹġ
Щ˵ĺ£Щ˶վűе誣л˴峤ӵĸл룬վ뿪ˡ
誣Ϊʲôңأ·ϣվƲֵ誶
ǲ㣬κࡣ̧Դο
ҲкѽҰʹû˺࣬ǶǳصѽվŻе벻ͨΪʲôҪһƷޡ



14 һᱣ
誰ڻ͵֪أСţͨյ̫ˡ
ǻκαࡢ࣬Ϊǵ޷⡣
־һΪԷòãֻǱܶѡ
ޡվŻǾúܾɥȻƵ˵ǰҲһôóԵĹӣԸҲһڡ
֪˵ԭֻЦŽ͵ǵģʱ̫ʹˣأ
֪ˡվҲͻˡ
ѽʱİرģʱŵÿˡ
һһֻ̣ɹˣȻ󵱳
̫ˣֺû뵽Լ
ѽЦЩĸһ䡣
Ӵӳã課ֿһţдճ֡
ٴνǣЩֱӴĵ̡
İ̵Ĵ£һһһ¸ĵǰ
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誽ӹָУòעԣܽ;ˣǮݿԽ𣿡
ϰĿһۣʯбһҵҩӣȰˣǮ
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꽣誱ٿ෨Ȼֳɹ䰺ļ۸ŵúˡ
һ֧Ʒ಻ǺʣһƷֽԼɰ
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誵ûһվȥһЩƷ
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˰Եʮרעͻһͷʱ򿴵һƯСʱ˼
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ȳ棬ȥһƥɫͨ˼Ȧ֮Ĵȥ
Ѿڣҹܸоܺѹֳ
ڴ˩һô棬ͷ˵
ԹԴǧܣҪǱ˳ҾҲˡ
վЩģצצ̲ס˵誣һΪʲôҪһֻôĴһﰡ
誺ЦĽ͵ҵС飬õѣҵѽ
ʱûа취ƽʱ򣬾Ͳ㵽ˡ
վűСͺ仰忪ģҲͲƽΪʲôҪˣǺðɣҿԲԼ߾ͺˡ
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ȥŷӼֱžÿ¡
Ҫ·һʱϵͳ˵ˣǺڶʲôȫڴϣ誻ΪԼҴطˡ
Ĵڴм䣬ǴõģԺſһúܴԺŵľдլ֡
һ誾ͲһɶаϢ
ûóȻȥ鿴שԺоһ
ԹʮŨ˺ĶվޣԸϢȽУԺҲ˵
Ȼ󲹳£һᱣġ
Цá



15 
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ΪŸҹҲǺܼ˸΢εĽվŷը⡣
һһƻеʱϵͳͻȻڣ[ˡ
誼ڰƻй⣬ƻ˶ؿռ£ȻŽܡ
誣ǱߣվҲѹСȴצָŲԶ˵
ܿ죬ҲһĺԶȻһȦһȦլϷ
[ﾹȻһͷϵͳñʵʱ
ԶźϸȻǰ·һѪᣬƮƮͷ
ͷϱҵѪģһҲƤⷭ˷ֲŮ
ʱԺƺܵԹӰ죬ʼ
ôңòǱǸ˺İɣǻҪ𣿡վʵȽϸһЩͨʶǿԺֹĳ
ҲܾᣬʲôɱˣôҲӦ
ʰɣü˵
áվҲӦһ
ԺϿƮԹ飬ֽ̧ӡһðŻƹķֽӿռɳΧס顣
ΣգҲñøŨƺҪʵˡ
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һǰȷʵһˣǸ˻ɽϾȻģȻ֪ܵ£


ȼɱ誺վʶΪԷǸŮˣȻǸˣ
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ڼſڴ󺰴һ٣Ȳǲ˽һ٣Ǿûк˰
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ͷԹԹȻһٳ˷ˡ
ֱνͷԹ鵲סȻʩչ
ͷԹΣٽ誣ȴԽΪܣ׵ص
ţ˫ֿٽӡתԹȥȴ㿪
վſżҲûóȻ֣Թ飬ֻҪ課ʹһצӽ
ʱҲǰ׷ѣȻ࣬誻ǿܿԹ顣
ֳֳһͷм
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ͷԹ鷢񲻸ʵɢ˺ͿֵĴ׷ĵڵء
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ɫ԰ףҲ̲ס˵лʦС֪ɷʦƲһҲýԭί͸ʦ
ȷʵˣǵͷǱˡ



16 ̫
լ誱뵽λ
ȻеŤǼһսսҲû˵ʲôô˼Ҽλϡ
òʵʦմ
һ֡Ҳش
Ϊлʦ֮ΪҲǰΪԹɧţҲ
ݵ׵Ĵɫݵѣ˿ԭˡ
誼״δӿռóŻƷ˳ˮգɳȥϲԹ֮Щ̱Ԫҩ
ĸжѣǰӹлʦ
ʱ˶ˮ誺һڣŰӾȻϣҲͷԹľ誡
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17 ŨС
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18 ﲻ
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19 
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20 úúãô
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22 ݾˡ
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ܿһźӵĴˡ



23 Ļл
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25 ɽ
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26 ɥĲ
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ڿʱ誼ҲĬˡ
һ˰ߵͷͷűȸ̫Ż󡭡ֱɥĲ񣡡



27ϡ
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СһγֵͷҲʮ𾴣ԴԼҳ
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ŶҲҲӦ
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ڼ˸ܵſڣһļС
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磬֮ǰǵľ˵˳ǽʱ򣬾ͻȻħӣһһŹŮˡ
ʦÿȥͰ˴򵹣ȻŮˣӹմԷԷ˲ͱɶħʦôˡ
һʼҲֻΪСаŽħˡ
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֪ˡ֪ԼҲĵͷ
˱·ͬķѰҳڡ



28 ·ᡭ
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ãɣѾ֪󷨣ķǸղͷȻɱɵħ
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Сţ誼״һ
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ûԥ˫
ͼڸֻ֣;
Ѫվż״˲ƣϵ͸ͬʱɣ󺰣æ
ɣҲûԥʹȫ͸誡



29 춹Ҳǵ
ðźĺɳһҲ֮аɢ
¶ݵĵ˾ȻСξĸ㣡
ڼ˿ԷʱҲ͸塣
ĿͷɢĸƺԼˡ
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ԼһţƿӶ誺վźٴת
ûԥӴƿһŵҩȻָվιһš
ҩڼ˴ӿ븹ɿݵ͵
ͬʱɣҲѾɢնʱܲйɫ׵硣
תߣɣ䲻֮۳һ˫εĴ֣ݺݵػ
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ѽ課Ϊ⣬Ҳ˳˼˳ë



30ħ
ϵĺô課ô죬ҵһ֮ʹվס˿ջ
סջվ֮꣬һ춼ûͣ
誺վţֻڿջͣ
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250鿴֮ش[һžЧľʱٲģɣǵĲࡣ
ںûУϵͳҲǺ
СϵͳǱʹˣ̫֮ǰͬЩϵͳ롣
ϵһ㣬ϵͳҲûмϵͳռ¾ζ츣Բűġ
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31 誳
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[ûأôˣݹעźϵͳĻҲջע̽һܣֻּҰСʵ
誣誳ˣ
ʱӻԱߵվͻȻ



32 
￩һԭ·ܻء
ôˣվ˿
վվֱֺ壬ߵָտܣֱҪˣлǵĿ͵ˣ
˳צצȥͿԱ߲ŵĴȲɣҲʱ
ɶǸ˵͵˱ȿ󻹻
վҲû뵽ȻжԼƤӵ͵ʳӻݶ
ؼôһֻ󣬾ȻûзС͵ټ
Ҳ̫ɶˣ
Ȼô͵Сûһ㷴Ӧ
誵ôæְ˳ë˺ˣ˲ˡ
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һŲʶƶ
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課Ͽˮ׼ʱ׳׷󷨡
˲䣬ˮˮ׵סˮҲʹĺ
վץסᣬһֱˮ
Ȼˮƴ޴Σ誺վųɢ
誱һˮҵòֱˮУ˵ʹжóٻ
Ϻ˻ӿûͱǺ˺üˮˮûͼһ
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ҩóݸ誣ǱЦžܾ



33 ֪С֢ˡ
ΪϵͳʾһЩ飬課˼ôĵҩֻǴӿռóһݾ
ֻǻû͵ߣ־ͱס
翴ɫ԰ף課ŵ˵⻹ǲҩС࣬ôݣ
ѽʲôϵһֱİվż誳ҩҲʱˣצµצȫð˳
üһӴƿһöɫҩ͵ߡ
ҡҡͷʶҪܾûµģҳԡ
ֻǻû˵꣬üͷҩ
ȻĵҩеĲҩЧöˣûһðѪѪֹסѪ
ϣͳһ׷εŮΧˮ誻Ӱ
뵽ղŰԼԵˣ̧ͷ֣صллл㣬־һΡ
ɣֻüûסȻ֪˴Ҳ֪ˮͳǣΪβȥɰæ
þèĹܶԿˮֻˮﻹ
ЩǵĻվʶ뷴ȴһ˵̫뵱ȻЩ
ΪСżܶԿ׵ˮ
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ֻǲ֪ǽ£Ǳűġ
˿Ĵغõĳһ׶ûˣҲûӣ誴Ҳ
ߵĻСǶԾԾȣȻҪgiˣ



34 ֻѹ
ϵͳָһ¿һŮ誸߹ȥСŮ˻ƵĿأȾҡ
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һáǿĳ˳Цһ£漴ǰһڱû֪
С誣һæһѰס͸ʪ·о˶ڷ̡
誣վҲŵòᣬ䵽ϵĲѡ
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籧ŻԲѵ誻صĿջ̶ʱҲˣôˣôŻС誸ղŲǻúõ𣿡
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ΪҲûгȥֻ˵ºǡ
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֪ˡʵĹģʵЩΡ
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ףԼ̫Сѣ˭ǲ˭ǵ˭˵׼
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šɣƵĴӦһԥã׻ǿ˿ڡ
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վŴûЩֻһѣҲֻá
˵õѣȻ֧κ뷨ţֻѹѾˣˡ



35 ûϧ
誱Ļ˵﷢£ۿҲɬѡ
վ壬ЩʣСţ課ΣҲСŵĴòã
Ӹĸȥ̱ˤֲˣϾû˹ıСΨһһõС顣
ҲΨһһὫԼˣԼϵС
վŻѹ˵˵ǲҲʤˣұ󣬱͸ñġ
ллСţҲᱣԼ㵣ˡһжʵҲԽ
ţվŵͷȰ誺ˣǾȥĵرǿ
ǡ´ЩѶԸĶֱӵŰܾͺˡ
һһ˸жĻʮָӡ
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ĶܲһͬڱϵͳЩҩӸŮˣ³ҵ
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վһצڴϣСצצŶƤ誶
ĿȱˣȻͰ誸ˮһ˵ˡ
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á
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о񲻴û˯ǴվŽ˿ռ䡣
ռһûãջ
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ϵͳԻش[Σʱ̣250Ҳܽǿϻؿռ䣬Ҫһ㹦أ
[ͦðݶԴʮ⣬ҲȻܣҪҪ
뵽ղž˵龰̲ס²ۣ[Ҫ򵽴ͺˣҾһζˡ
Сʱʮ˳ֵٶ๦أ
Ҳ١
ϵͳĬĬĻȻûпˡ
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֮ǰ࣬װڴװ÷ľݣԵʱʱá
ڡ
㶫ʱʦ͡
ţһִһڴܺá
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ԸղŽռͷˡ
ռͬһԴʵǣľΪĵɢ
ţͿк÷Žﰾֳͣ϶ȥ׼ϡ



36 
վŰн⣬ִľóһ֮ǰõŹĥȻɻ
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æЩѾҹһһ̤̤ʵʵ˯˸þ
ڶϣҩͷ
ڲǵĴţ課ųҩ͸оϵ˿ںõ߰˰ˡ
ʱ調̺ɫЩԣҲ̲סʵôʦʦ㣿
ֱڿ죬ֱӰˣǴС㣬֮Լڷ䣬ڶûԷأ
վ̲ס²ۣ£ԼǱˡ
ԴҲΣͨôദҲ֪С㲻Ǵ˵ôŰ衣
ţԷǻͬºֵˡ
˶˵ǴС㺦˴ϵŮ˵֪ڸģҲ֪Ҫô˵ˡ
תƻ˵С誣˵£ӡͦãԸԸȥأ
һҲͷͣѽС誣˺ܺãҲʮ͵ģ˵Ҳ֪㲻ԸʦԵӡ
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ָ֮ȥĸ߽ʿԻɢΪ۴Ĺ֮
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ǰ߻ãߣᱻ
ʵ֮ǶһЩۿĲɣͳĸΪȻɱС
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֮Ƕû˵ֻǽһΪأ󷨣ѹ˷Բܵħа
վżӣҲ̲ס˵ʵ黹ǲټģħ屻ѹڤ֮ǧ꣬ˡ
Щ뾡취ӳڤħҲҰǺһֻħսһˣڻڳ˯أ
СŵİӢأ誻ǵһվ˵ĸף̲סЩȵ˵
վŶʱ°ͣ˵ǣҰĺأ
ֶʱҵЩͷĿѣ𾪵ĿŻСһ
𾪵Ĵɣ̲סĵһۣԼߵʲô·֪챻˻˼Ҹůأ
ȻվŵɣĻʶģҪСţҲûˡ
ɣʼû˵Ӻ
ȴվźʵСţıô㰢ǲǸˣ仯᲻ϰ׸߰
վΪԼĸԺǵȻҰı岻ͨ꣬꣬ʱŨŨҽһأ
ĻɣۣǸڴСΪޣڰſ׷ǧߣ
ϿûֻΪһϹ޵Ѫ֧һһ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôһѪѾѣٷ֮ʮŶͨѡ
Ϊ˵Ѫӳ֣һ壬˳
û뵽˵֮ʱ̲סЦۣǧꣿ



37 
վ̧СצצԴҲ֪ȷʵ࣬ҲأڻԣڵعŰҺ͸ǸϳŻˡ
ɣ˵ͷû
СѽȴּʵһֱΪСźӦǲģһôˡ
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ǿʧæ˵СѾˣ
ţĻվָıϡ
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Ӹɣͷûǣ課Щɻ󣺡Ҳ֪ʦȥˣ
֪أվҲҡҡͷ
油һռ棬ڴ˲߹޺ʹӵˮִ֮վŻȥˡ
յջһһͿǣһ࿡ţʲ׵ˡ
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һͷͿ誺վŻˣ̲סԹС誣ϻأôˣ
Ѿͷ治Լ嵱°
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ʮžָͳΪ˶ǵʿˡ
ŶɣЩĿһۡ
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誸ĬĬվһߣ˵һЩ¡
ʱתͷһͿһʳῡĿɨϣ֮̽⡣
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˶ߺ翴ŻϺȲɣ壬ֶ˵С誣˵վҪȥˣúҪҪһ߰ɡ
õģʦʦʦ㣬ɣС㣬жǡ誵ͷһ˵һߴӿռó߹ޡ
ղװõĻϣһװĽҵĶ
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̼״߹ȥЩӣʲôѽ
誴򿪹ǿ˿ҳõĻϣζģֻҪˮҨ׷ŽȥͿˣ̲Լӵκ
Ũֿζģһü޷ţܱʵĻҲԷһء
Ļˣһ⻰ѡð´γҲõĳԶûζˣҶҪģ
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ʱһȻӰ֪ûǸڸһأ
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ˣȻԡ誻֪ݣֻ֪ڵˣҲǸղŴǸòЦ˵
Ҳǰ򿪸ӿ˿ʳ
ȽԵĻ͵ľҽʦǵϣˮ󿪣ķһЩȥȻ̲˶ʮζġ
ǰǰ֮ǰǱ֮ԹһΣóԵͷҪ̽ȥˣԱͷ
˲涼ֱ̲ס˵УԽ˵Խ룬ʦС誣ǳԻɣ
áʦʦöʮչˣҲǵӣȻܾ
Ҳֱ֪ܾȥջѡˡ
ľؿڸ֮˵Ҳʮֺ档
޲һĵϣȻһϾͶĴƿҲģǹ޸ΪʿʳɲΪá
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ŰɣľҽʦڵҽʦҲһλʦЩҩԼƵģ㲻ʲô
Ҳ課ԸȥڣȻϧǸǵġ
뵽ݾֱӣ̲סۡ
Ҳû˵ľҽʦǳĿţһƮƮһ㡣
ӿɹˣβҩϷҪȻ͵úóԵĻ¸С
ǾͶлľҽʦˡ課֪Щֵ˲лҩƿ



38 ټ
ܿ죬̺һӵĲ˺⡣
ǻջæֹȻѿռԧͭ˳û̼Žȥ
⻹ǴС꣬˿ջԱߵġ
̲̿ס棺ôģ
СŲǺܳԾֱŨĺġ誽һ䣬ȻҨ˵ϷŽ
ɣһֱû˵ҲûߣһҲϣ
ܿտָ˵պϡ
Ϊɣ岻ϲ˵Ŀڹȥ˸ÿ˶׼һ˫ӡ
誰誣⣡ŰĹӣվֱԺˡ
ãȵȡ̲סЦһһŽ
Ƭеúܱϰ·º󣬾Ͱ̳մŨ֥齴ŵվ
ʲôľԼպˮٿվòһպʵ
誼Ȥִӿռóһ֥齴֥齴ȽϺľҽʦԡ
⻹ȥƶɽ֮󣬷ǱкܶҰ֥飬̸Ǻڵգٹ¡
Сϲ;׼š
ľӹӣڴһ£ͷ˵Ũʮֲ
˵ָ꣬誶һƿӣƿˡ
誻æסƿ뵽ղŲϻе¡
Ȼ˱ˡ
Լǧ򲻵һĵҩڱ˿ͬ
Сպҩƿֱڵæ˵ȽŨˮմԻֱӼӵΰҲܲġ
ľ˵ͷŪ˵֥齴ȻùһŨ齴Ž㲻ѵ¶ܵı顣

̼˳ԲŨ֥齴Ҳû˵ĻˬĻá
ɣ岻ǺܳԶ׼Ũ
һٷ˳ԵЩð
һʱɣľͬʱ˹ȥ˶ûзֿͬʱƳ˶ԷһۣжöԷֵ˼
ۼ˭Ҳ˭̼˶ʱɫ΢䣬˵
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վŷԲĶҫţ裬滹зأɺóˣóԣСȻѽ
ŶɣϲԣȴĪ
ľʱе㲻ˣû˷ѣ֥齴մһ
ţһܿܳˣʵеŲȥûԡ
һʮСţзҲûʣģص磬һǷŶƤصķ䡣
֮ǰɣͻȻͣ¿ڣ㿼ǵôˣ
Ȼûͷûβһ䣬˶֪誡
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죬ֻźҡҡͷ
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39 ѽ
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ЦЦľֽŵʳеݸСЩǴ·ϳԣġ
һ绹Ϥеʵʦ챧Ǹﰡ𣿡
ϰԾͲȥˡҡҡͷش
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ֱӶʳлţУҪûȥТʦģ·ҶʦĳԣҪˣһȥ͸ʦ״
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Ҳȥʦô죿
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ó԰ϧǺﲻ죬ӦҲһݰɣλƷŨĸ˵
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վűѬͷۣ̲סίİԴ誼ϣóѽ誣



40 㡭
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ǺðɡվһҲǣǻǴӦİš
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41 ûƤ
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С׼˲ˮһСӦǸЩǳԷ׼ġ
ջˮӿռóϵȵ̲衣
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42 Ц㾹Ȼ
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ҲǰɽǱɱģΪҪ˺޹
ʮּŭĺţ֪ʲôǸǶ
Ҳ֪ԸҰվԲԴᣬɫ޹Ŀ
Ȼ˵Ƥ˰ˣһʹɣԸĻҵԼ㣬ԼŶ
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֪Ƕ֣Ҳ汳ģԱվſͼֱӳȥҧסĺ󾱣ֱӳ
СţҲϵͳߵ˵޴ԱΪվΪǲܲģʱʹæ׷ȥ
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ĻڷģžʹĶӻ˳Ƕ
ôʱԭЩŵָı̬ȣҲߺǺ



43 Ҳ㣡
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һŮӵͷⶾͿˣϵĶҲΣա
ô˵ţԷҲûóҩĴ㣬Ҳûнⶾֶ
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á誵ͷʹ˿
ʵҲŵӲЩжİҲ١
ʿôȰǿ׳ǵԴòȽŰˡ
صּҴԺҲҩ಻ٷ롣
ûҺȣǵϵͳ֮ȷû²Ŷһȥ
ҩֿɬһԵĳζ誴֮ҧݲû³
ҩЧҲ죬Ÿպ²ã誾;öûôˣֲ̧˲ллл㡣
Ǹлл㣬ҪޣǾ͸ˡҩҲ˲ˣ԰˰˵
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ѾͷҲǸһʵ
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أǶǻˣҲŲԣѪһƬſڵϱͷһ߿һ˵
վܲˣֱվ𣺡ԲԣԴˣ
ޣҲ㣡
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СίͰͲҷʵʵһԵɽ
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ɽĵطǲŷɽضˣضˡ
һֽߵĴȾ˶Ⱦˡ
̣ҩֺľһһòˡ
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ȻҲʥףȴǸ˵Ķ֡
һ죬ڸڵԺŰﱻʳɾˣͻʿİΧȦȴķס˰ĺ󳾡
ǸʿߺЩ˲СĴŰﱻԭεʬ壬ǵƤë
Ϊ˱ϣϰûзˡ
Ǵһ𣬿ʿµķԸ򵹡
ۿŵʬ屻˰ƤҲЩªЦбƤ
ǻ˵ۣҪˡ
ڱڻϵһ̣ģ׹ҲҪЩѪծѪ
ֻǻûЩͻȻ˹ȥʱѾʶģҲ֪ʲô
ֻѹʱϸԼƤʬƤëҲߡ
˵꣬С˫Ѫᣬ誣ҵôңȫǺģЩѵ𣿡
һУ誺վŵҲʮѹܣٶȥʱ˶ѾˣɱЩˣҲ֪һС
СȴͬĻǶЩ˵ĺ
ǵȱҵȣʿǣ಻˵ծӳΪЩ˵ĺȫ
ĳѵǺʿ𣿡վҲܲãȻͬҲͬ۸˵
˵ǸʿСǷ
ﶼɱˣһлΪﱨ



44 Ȼǡ
ֻɱЩ޴࣬Ǳ
վż״˵ȻɣͰ誽誺ģڲŶǣ겻ء
Ϊκƣиõһ죬ԱģҲġ
誻û˵ʲôϵͳͼˣ[ȻǣСɱ˺ö޹ˣ㲻Сŵġ
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ҲֻЩͲʲô̫ˣƽĶָۣ
˵ģĸЩҲڣЩ˲ûв˵Ҳ޹
粢ǷǺڼףɱͬģҲߣͬѪ
ôĵӡ
Сֱվ˵Ķ誵ɫҲֶԷƺûɱ⣬ҲȤ
վҲ֪誵ԥǺ˵Ļ誣СޣѰģأʹɣǺöѡūԼ
ͿʱῪҲһͷ
ֲ࣬Ȼûжͬĺ͹෴ģҲСֱʲô
ǰҪץͰæˣֹģᾡȥ
޶űܵĴѣҲħΪһʥƷͬģħҲֿȵı
ൽ࣬ͱħһȣħ;
ڷɽٵʱ׽ٻͣҲֶ֧ѡ
ûɾֻܾ˵ҲǻʦҲԼ𣿡
ŶǣСֶ׶ˣö࣬ܿƵס
ԸվҲ˵գʵһַԼܶԷûлʦ츳ԽԼ
ԼಢѺãԼһ޶ԸҲ
ԭҲŪЩֻǵͷѪģСôԸ𣿡
ܴұ𣿡С̧ͷҲʵ
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ҲˣΪҪ¡
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ôʵվεţҲСֵĻش
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ӣ˵Ҳûôųޡ
ңҪǺһԺҵ˱𣬲᲻ǸҲԹ۵ġ
ţͷͺɢһɫââγ󷨽誰ס
У誸о˺С֮صĹƺ֮бĳӡһԼڶԷ֮ϡ
ɢȥ誺վžͿһֺëаɫƣβֱֳִ塣
誾ȵ˫ۣϵͳҲ𾪳[ϸţȻһֻСè
ָһŨƤëɫСèҲֻϥǸ߳һ㡣
Ҳо˺֮ϵȥ̧ͷĺˡ
誼ֱҪɰȻ֒ԲֵôСèüëǰɫģҲǰɫģȣ̫ɰˣ
ϡӣվŶʱˣߣ誣
Դ׵ֵͷԴСɰ
ߡվűˣǰĺһ˭ܱҪ
ʱСèĶַһվҲʼ
誼״ֱӰֻɰë״ؿռ䣬׼ٴ͡
վҲľݵһϵ⣬ȻóһɣСһСè˵԰ɣĵĿɺóˡ
ѽСèŵζҲ˵
Сèʲôְһߴӵһʵ
ڿռľݲûĽֻľ̨¶
ռ䲻꣬ҼѼҲ῿ľݣƽʱԱ߳ԶٷɳĹϹ߲˻ʮġ
ҽܹСè죬Ҷ໹ų⣬ԾнĻش
ͦõģԺͽˡľнҲֻЦЦ˵
áܹûоܾҲǽء
[ôˣϵͳпˣ̲ס˵
[ҲͦõĲ𣿹Ѫ𣬷ʼǸҪɱҲȷʵ²ȥ֡
䵣࣬ߡ»ʮ־Զڿһƻ£Ҳ΢ֲһЩɱ
ˣֻҽ˵ϵͳ



45 侲
[ðɣ㹦½ҲˣԼʱ򵽵ģٹ£
ҹߵĻʹ¿ҲûˡϵͳҲû˵ʲôֻǰѽ
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[á

վһ߳Զһ߽ܹǵĹأͻȻԱƮζעʲô㰡
վűıĹһĨ΢Цش𣺡˿кŹǣᡣ
ۣǺóԵģվһӱˮСèҲǰ
ȴɻĿվţ㲻ǳصôˣ
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Ŷܹ״ֻŶһ
ϲҶ೴ˡһһ˵
ܹҲҡҡͷϲ⡣
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ͻȻһ⣬һòĹע˰ɣ
һ뵽Ժ調ܸóԵԼվŶʱˡ
ãҲСҵĳԱҪʲôԵҲԺ˵ء誼״ЦЦ˵
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ʱ䣬׷޴һ׵罫Ρ
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課ŲףֱֳֳӶ֣վԱ
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Ѫ˲ա޷ЦȻ
üͷ壬֪Ѹʩչͼסޡ
Ȼʵ׳צ誣˸̰Ĺâ
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ãȥɡȻʮĶǵĻ˵
ܹĴ£Ǻܿҵһ곤ŻɫҶƬһ誾ͺ߽һķӡ
̽һӰǴΧȹİְִȰЦݣ誶ˣϴ׼Էˡ
߳һ˯µŮˣͬһЦȥϴְɣѵæϰпգ˲ٺóԵأ
̴ϻӳ˳һˮ誴ȰĿڣС誻ˣôѧУûΰ
ҡżϤӣ档
һתİѾϣ׷к調ȥ
誸Ҫ̧ȣͱϵͳʵ[侲Ҫǹȥˣ᳹׳ڻþģ
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ûʲô誳һѿЦݣֲ̧˲ᡣ
ǱߣܹѾҧŻӰٵĸ˳˸ղһǱӰԵˣѪͺˡ
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֮һʱ䣬һһһèһһ߼
֪У誵ΪҲ˶׾ǣֻһͿԽ佫ļ



46 
һ죬誴վźܹһоȵĵط
Ĳǣʿ
֮ΪǰһϢ˷һǿߵĹꡣ
Ҹݸ߽ʿжϣĹܿͻɢ
״µĹ꣬һ㶼ŷḻƷһռı
ҩĵرʤ
һٶǰҲ˷һµĹڣ
ʱȥҲر࣬ĪĻԵһٴӶֱףۺ
Ȼ誶ֹȻĹΪǺܸȤͲסվźܹһֱȰ˵ֱӱǼܹˡ
ɽ˺ӵѵϿȣվվ誵ļͷ˵ܶѽ˵ܵĹ൱һ߼ؾʲôУ誣ҪͰ
á󱦱ھľİ誵ȻҲ᲻Цŵͷ
İɣڣһҵģȥ˺ܹܶҲվؿڡ
ʱһ·ǣһò绨ĴֻɰС̲סЦۣλѣߵֻޡͦر𰡣
ǺܰòЦЦͷ
ʱһŮӵľȺ誣ǲ誣
誻عͷͿСôȺ˹˶ˬĵһۡ
þòѽˣϵЦҲ˼֡
ӻ뿪ڣһֱϵͳ񣬵ûٽѡ
һߣҲȻ̧ͷżȺô˽Сˣ
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誣ҲС誣С誣
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þòС誣㶼ˣѣʮֿĵ˵
þòҲЩЦ˵
ǴŵĵӣûòɣȻҲһǣʶʱǵҲˡ
ŴŷΣЩ߰ˣСԱߵǲ˵ˡ
þòС˲أС߳ԵòѽҲû˿ɰվţ˵ֻֿɫëʵҲѣ
ҡҡͷ͵ҵԼޡ
ˣ𣿡ɣ̾ȵӣתƻʵ
ҡҡͷͣǰʦʦҲˣʦչأʶĶˣ̫ˣɢˡ
ԭҲͷеȣ̺ɣѾͷ󺹵ӣִӿռó˱Ĺȵˮɣ̫ˡ
ӲСĴ񱭣ǰȡ
Сź͹ǲȵģ˲ٹ̲裬ľԱԭʱóͿˡ
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˵úһ˳ֺȺҵһ΢տһЩĵطͣ¡
ȻǿյأҲѾвӪˡ
̸հǵĶӴóСȥ֦ͿһŻɫ·Ů˴żˡ
ŮһиɫƵĿǣιǿϵĵطǸϽ뿪
Ҳӿռö⻰ͷһۡ
Ϊ׵Ůʮָ߰мĿǡ
ͬǸ߰ĴС㣬誻Ǿãɣ̹
ɣϣƳ˼һۣͷ³һ֣
Ȼ˵ʱˣ㾹ȻС˵Ĳͷ
Ȼû˵꣬˾ͱеɳȥֱײһڴִС
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㣡ŮɫѿҪ˵ʲôһ˼Ҵ˹Сô£
ԼĿɽˣŮҲ˲ָɣί˵Ů˷ˣȻͻȻִ˰
⸡ݼ誼˶ˡ
̿Ȼָɣ壬ٸвȻһŮ˵ָһֹƳֱ



47 ôȴС㻹
ŮʹòҽҲ˲ɫֻŭڿɣ˲ʧ
һĵЦݣԭɣС㣬ǲʲô᣿
ͬʱߵҲٵĸŮָ
ȻðˬҲ֪ⲻ̫࣬վ͵
ģǲطʦóԲѷڵߵڰףˡ
ĻʱɸֵĿԼŮһۣһ໹ܲվ˵Щʲôͱһǳϡ
ˣӲ𣡡ǳϽɣСǸ
вʣֲ游ףֻõͷϴ
־ܿСöЩƺµ֪
ᣡ誸ɣ˸ĴָһЩƷڵϡ
վҲϿĵ˵úãҪû֣ҲҪˣǲǴС㣬ƻúװɣ
ʲôԼùʹ򣬴򲻹¡ɣ忴Բ壬ƺܺãǸ߸š
վʮͬĵͷ誾̫ˣǾùоͽвᣬĺܷ
˵ţƺòãæҲҲûô۸ǼҲ˵ġ
Ŷ˰ɣüͷһӣܴˣ
ǵĻһЦվȴ˾˵ǿɲ·һ˰ӵӶѪˣȻֱӳȥһžͰǸ߷˺Զ
ҲǵһοôأȻ誰ŮȥҽݣǸŮһӳ
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ɣû˵Ҳûһɻֻǿõ֦Ķ˶١
ܹҲҧ˼òС֦ҧһ˹
һ֣ܿľͷһռ䲻Сľͷܡ
ƤҪϿܣִԼĴóһɫĲɣǧܷ纮ůֹܷ˾Ŀ̽
á調һۣûоܾ
Ϊס誵Ľ£ֻ˼򵥵ĸС
ȻƤķˮ棬һȥСӺͼ̨
ΰʷźãҲȵϢܹ֪һԱ߸ȷ硣
޻ͦ°СҲ۵ԱϢܹɿɰ̲סĽ˵
ͦá調һ޹ۣԲȷܹЦЦ
ɰʲôáɣȴƲƲ죬ֻΪҲ̫Щű誸һǣܵʱε
վƲ⣺СٿޣˣѰأ
ӴŶԻǰɣɣ˹ȥ
ߣǼʰôֻɰ֪վűצצŲһʶ
Ҽɣ岻ŵ˫ۣڴС㣬ҪʲôûУõüʱˣ
̸̼æԲ˺ˣǱһͳѽѵüһأС誣ʲôòѽ
ôȵ죬ƤɣСźɣСﲻ;ҪܵӣҲΣԵˡ
Ƥʲôó𣿡ʱȤ
ߣĿɺóˣܱأվŲɣ˵ˣǰ
ѹô֣СûٳأְֱƤëЦȻСֻ𾪣ؿ
ôˣ̼״Եʵ
վ̲סһȭôȴС㻹ᣡҲŲ֣
͵ģҪҲǹˣʲô£
ĪǹɣֱЦˣʲôбᣡ
̱һץ˺ѷεĿߣСҲЦˣԱߵܹ޹ĿһС
ſСţæȥ˳ë˺ˣСŲ֣һҲ֣ɰˣ
ӵһȦҲŷӦɣСÿֵҲˡ
ܹҲŲԲȥοվţˣһ㶼أ
СÿСըëҲ̲ס˵ǸСҲŮӣŮϲ˵Լˣѵ֪𣿡
ǺǡεЦЦֹȥһվš
˵˵վڲˣ»صǰ誴ӿռóõƤ͹֭һıһ١



48 ڵ°
극̲ס̺ɣ˵ǴôҪҪҵʦǣ
̻û˵ɣЩ˵˵ء
ʦʦֽһ˺ܶģõġ֪ԭҲЦЦ˵
ɣҲʶղŵЩ壬ֽӲ˵Ĺ꿪Լȥˡ
Ǻá誵ͷȻЩԾӣҲûٸʵס
ΪĹ꿪ʱ䲻Գ극˾ȥϢˡ
ҪǷִ˵صʮֻǣ˿̫ܶйϵֻա
̫ɽûôˡ
誴ӿռóʳģ̨̺Сһ֣
ɣ壬һĬϲɻġ
һߵ߹һ誣ɣƵ߹ȥǸ֮ǰǸĻ𣿺Ư֡
еġû뵽СԼ˵ʶܳĸо
Ȼӿռóһ͵⡣
óĵ⣬̶ʱǰһۣС֪
һҺʦʦһܱ࣬ھи̶Ҳһζһĵģ
ʿˮĲ̲סЦˣΪԼԵģûôͣζҲ
˵ѵгķݣպһһݣȻ˳ְһݵݸɣ壬ּˡ
վźܹԵĻ˵ģһǱеġ
վҲŴСɻΪʲôҰ誰ǰ誵ĶطôУ
̿ЦЦôΪҸ˺ܼŶ
ҪôҵľҽʦˣصŵֻȥջʱǾ˰
˵뵽ʲô֣صĶ˵С誣ľҽʦǣ㣬õͻȥҩأ
ʱһȥġһ뵽޼ĵҩƿҲ˵
Уͷǰɣ̲Ų⻰ϾʶҲһˡ
Ѿͷͣɴˡ
ΪûʲôҪˣ̺СҲ𵰸⣬ߵһγԣһȥ۾ˡ
УҲѷãϦµϼһһèҲʼԷˡ
̳˲̱ϣŶĴ˸ãóԣСպá
Сóʵĵͷ븽䣬˲ԶĲҽ
ôˣʶվķȥ
СҲǱ߿ȥͬ͸ӣıƺˣǰ·ҲһΡ
һȺΧ䵥ʿ֣ϵҩǮɱǡ
ĹȻѵһĴԵ޺Ʋɽ˺ʱҲЩĵʱ
ǲңͰìͷ׼ЩݸƼȻȽ
ҲЩ˻ԵܺãҩӡǲСջ
ǿɶ񣡡һֻö񺮣ֱķȥҲʶϡ
ɣûԳŵվҲûܹȻ誣СҲ˹ȥ
ǵʱѾвΧˣȺһʬ壬ѪĿϴ
ΧɫĮҲвͬˡ
ֻڿ־ʬĴ㶼ûС
誸ӿռðѲӳֹĹҲ֪ʲôʱʬҲܶⰡʱ
˶ˣ°ɣҲֹ˵һ䣬Ѿʬ壬ҲϽǰæ
˿տĵطãջ幦£ֺһ
ܸOO@@СûǶԼ˵עǸ֮ҹˣǼҲܵġ
Щ˶֮ͽһõҩСźɣСҲˡ
С͵һΪ֣ǿҲµͬʱҪԼ
ҲäĿӡ
Ҳôģ˵ҹɡ
ɣҲˡСѾԲȣ˵طסĻٲҲ˵
̵ȻҲǳԿ˵ɣС誺СһҹҺʦһҹһֱĹ꿪ǰǶΣ
Һ誣̫ˡɣȴҲľܾ
ȻѾһӪȻΪҹС¼ƽϡ
ĺܳһ˵ǧ仰ӿڸɵġ
һ𣬺Сֲ죬Ծֻܸһˡ
λεڨЦ˵Ȼû
һҹСúأ誵ʲô
Ȼ誺ɣ׼˯̾ͺССԭҲӣҲһлҳ
վ˵ĻҲ誸һȥˡ



49 Ƿ
ܹؿռţ͵˯žѡֲˣ˵ء
ɣڶһĵ̸Ρ
һԶĵͺ𣬺
ϴ߳һ̣ŵ˿ƮĵѪ
ˣ˯ô𴲣̴˸Ƿʵ
Ϊɣ廹ûҲѹش𣺡Ϣһ극Ҳȥ˯ɡ
ǲеˡСĲҲЦ˵һ䣺
Եȡ誻һЦӿռóʳġ
̺СҲûţȥһæƵգǰ̲סԹ죬϶Ҳˡ
ȷʵȡСҲһ䡣
˵ţɣҲӷˣһĵĵɫȹ߹յˣʲס
һĨޣЦ˵Ϻá
ǳЦӯӯӣɣҲ鲻ĳͷ硣
ǿڸĳۣѩ׵ۻУź߲ܲζʮˡ
ɿڵܲٽŨ̺֭Сһ˸̡
Ա̺СҲطϢˣĹ껹ûҲʺϢҲûˡ
ʰ棬һ裬Ȼɣ˵Ĵ鷳㿴ˡ
ɣȴͬ뷨Ҿ㻹Ǳ𵽴߶ĺã˲ˣΪŮӣױ˶ϡ
뷴ɣһ˵ҿ㣬ԼڳߣҲ֪Ѳ⣬ؾǰۺ졣
ɱһˣͻһ֣ɲ˶£ڽɽȵʱɾˡ
ʵҲǵһβμĶᱦжģʦһԵΪɰƳˡ
ڳ֮ǰŶĽ
ȡԵ˿ɲͬڽħ֮ʿڹ屦ǰκκ¶п̤ʯ
Ȼڲ£Ҳ£Щ֮̾ͽǵ˾͸Ӭһʵķ
˵е課ȰˣҲĴͷ
Ȼûʲô誸ɴóֿһЩɡ
ɣæµæҲﲻæԸɴǰƷ裬˳оһʦ¸ĵ
Ũ˵ζ˲˵ע⣬ǰæµûע⵽
ɣЩ˲ӣ򵭵Ƴһۣ
ӾôĹȥ졣
ҹ誺ɣҹܹԱߴϢʱ
һ۵İ׹ͻȻԶֱʡ
ɣ忴վͺһĹ쿪ˣ
СúһҲѣЬӾ档
誶Ĺ겻Ǻ˽⣬ΪֻǱĹ󷨴򿪣ʰڹȥͱɣקһ£㣡
調㣡׹ʧǾͽȥˣվſŻҲе㼱ˣô̵ġ

ɣýֱͣק˷зܹվż״Ҳһȥ
棬ҲקСɫȥ
̶̵һ˲䣬ӰѾ˰׹⣬վڷбϵ誺ɣڵ汼ܵų
˵·ֱһ
ڹһЩ˽룬Ҳʾܿ˫ʹƴɱ
Ƿ𣿡վſһĻҲŵ۾
ʱһâĳҲɣ誷Сģ
誸վһվž³һţΡ
ɶҵɽ
£ȺһŮӶʱŭһɣ岻佣ʦʦǿʮ
һʼ֪˭ĽվŻϳʱҲֱӻػȥǸŮ˱ѪջĿ⡣
ʱҲ˹ǰɫɢŹϢ󷨣ɣûԥֱû׹⡣
һ̣ܳһתһһèһİɭϿȵС
еĹ겻ͬϿȴÿ£̧ȥһΡʵɽ
Ĵжϱ£͸ɽٲȻһء
ͬǣû̫ɵ£Եøȡ
վŴ誵ļϣܿռŵתȦûн𣿡
誸˵͸оһŤתͷͿ̺СãһȺʶˣˡ
ûãԭտĵطˡ
һŶңװ˹һЦĹؾҸƾԵףλˡ
˵꣬ת
ʱһˮŮ誵ĶУʦãСʦá
վɣ棬ͿԷ΢У¶ı顣
Щ棬˵ϿȥͿһһ˿̬ŮվǱߡ
ҲЩΣεתЦЦŮˣʦ㣬ôԼһ˰
Ůüͷ۵ʹ¶һ޹ίӣȻĿڣҺʦɢˣ￴ź䣬ҿԺһ𣿡
̻û˵ɣͲÿڣܣҪǺһǾԼ߰ɣ
˵꣬ʶһۣڿ褣ԸзĴ꣬һԲֱ뿪
Сȵǰ



50 лȳ桭
վżæק誸ϣܹҲæСŸǡ
Сø˵һȥǣͿǸŮӡ
ĵĿ̣涵˵ʦôңǲǲӦġ
Խ˵ԽģˮߵһôҲֹסСü״Ҳˣæתܡ
µֻڨЦŽ͵ûе£ǱȽϺĹؾıѣҴȥʦǰɡ
Ů˿޵øף̣ǲҲң
̸˵ûе£һŭȣ̣ڸʲô
棬Ӹһŵɫµüһ˹
һŮ˿ĿʮۣǰסļοĿҲ̡
ҲǺ۸ӣûĵΪ׵һۣʲôʦ㣬Ҳ֪Ҹʲôˣ
˵ʦɢˣһͿޣ޵ʦǶܲˣǴ˻ǸˣҺúõվô㣿
㣡ҪʲôʦôѹԲĻüǳ
̺ǺһЦǣҴҴˣҾͲûţͲûվǰ
СԼ˩ãܶ˺¿˷ҡʦ֣жοɲ̫ð
ʦֻ̣ʱҲõĶ̿ڣС̣ôʦʦ˵ģ
ʦʧԣΪʦͻȻģʦͻȻ죬ʦʦĪҪƽϡ֪ʦΪΧҲ
ɲɣԸ߰м͵ӣ˹߻ޣ֮ǰҲΪǲǴСƢ۸ˡ
ദ
ͦġ
ţˣҲǵĴʦַ˸ֻۣʦ㣬Сˣûˣһ߰ɡ
誵ϢҲʮֿģѾͷҲˡ
˵ţ񣺡ʦ֣Ĺؾ̫ҲѺʦãǻǷֿ߰ɡ
ķʱɫҲÿ
Ҳһ㣬ԻѹƢͷţмСġ
褱˵ΣһĨΣһ߳ĿڣǡǲʦһؾΣأһҲиӦѽ
סŮļοʦòмһʦ̫ˡ
һĨѹֵķŭǰôڣֻ˵޷ʦΪͣвٱֶΣҪǵġ
ǿ۾죬Ҽģ۵Ĳ䣺˵ˣҪһ۸ô죿
̿ɲݴϷֱˡ
ļʦʦÿ˵Ӱ졣
һߣɣǰţҲ֪ˣҲûп˵
СܵÿŸǣս֣Ҳֻװơ
վźܹѾؾȻĲҩġ
վǲҩɵòֺС̲סѵЩʲôãֲʦҵĹλãõҩ͹ؼǸã
õĻƷҲǺܶģҪҵһɽͺˡ
վŰγһƷɲݣͷҲ̧˵лȳݲһܱȽô죿޶һһѽ
Ĺؾȥ󣬼ǧûȻҩȡγɵҲǶõĻԵ
ɣȻɫ䣬Ҳûߴǡ
ǵɲʱҲС
ɣ忴Զɽ˵Ĺؾʵ൱һʶռ䣬ͬǸ߽ǿʶٳġ
ͬľǣؾ޷άؾĴؾҲ֮ɢ
Ǳ˷֣ؾͬؾеıữΪ۳һͬʧ
ǸɫؾڣҲǻӷй¶ĳڡ
һҴʼƶ©ˮԽǴҲܿûȥ
ԭڵԼ˼ĵͷ
޶ҩļˣһ̲ͣĿʼѰĹϾĹĻԵ
СЩżҲվţкܹȱժˡ
ţ̺Ҳ
ɣһѰĹ
ĹؾҶǵһûеͼֶҲֻƾĴתˡ
ҹһ㰲ȫĵطϢ
ΪطİҲû˼ӿռóǰõ±ζˬ˶Ըһ١
治أСӰܲˬֺóԡ
ǿɲҪͬǻھͺˡ̸͵ĵͷĻǶ˵ġ



51 
ȥȥʲôϵ誺ǶԵְ
ûκϵڤڤ֮עһֱ𣿡ǵĻվĵĽһ䡣
ȷʵˡԵЦһ
ҹͬܲƽȻʱûʲôδ֪Σա
ԶĺڰżĲҽУǲò
ˡ
˵
̸˵ѾĹؾô֣ɣͻȻɫصĴ
ôˣ誼״ʶսĳҲ˶ǿ
ɣûлش𣬽ʶұ߿ȥͿԶһźѹѹĶͬһƬһ㳯߷
ǿ֮£Ƶ飬ǧֻĺڷ䣬ڷ䱳׸ڣͷϵİɫγõģ
Ⱥ쳣׳֮ľ˲仯Ϊҽ
Щʱɫһ䣺ǹ䣡취
ȺǰӴ󣬼ǷݺǿĶء
ΪܸߣϻһվţҲϣֻ취
ͬʱϵͳҲ⵽Щ[мֻˣ
誻ûش𣬾ϵͳ˵[ˣСҪҵط㣡
䣬ͳһ׵ԼʰٷְٵĶԣϵͳҲԸȥա
û˻һû˵һ
֪ġ
Сüɫˣ誾Ҫȥҵط
誱ץܣһ߳ɤӴ󺰣ˣҿҵط㰡
֪֪ᱻɣ״ʱһûס첲һ¡
ǸöϢģҺа취ٷɿĽͣȻִ˼
վ̺Сü״ҲŴ󺰣ˣĸϽҵط
飬Ѿߣǲʮ׵ľ룬ȶ򷢳ֱ
ʱһѵʿվҪܣȴƾ룬ĹͬʱϿʳ
Ƭ̣˾ͱһ߹ǼܣͷгԸɾ
𷴿˵ţֱһ̧֣ȫջؿռ䡣
ɣ弸˶ʱеһ΢ѣΣȻͷԼһСǰ档
ǣǰİĳϹƮĵطС𾪵ͫһ
缸˵֪иʶռ䣬û̫ȡ
ҺҺá뵽Ĺ䣬µؿڣ¶ϡ
ôô䣬ˣܹҲղŵĳŵòᣬ̲סµ˵
ʱۿһʥ׸ǵǿ߶ˡ
ӴķȺº޻֮ǿ߶ж׷ǱӴܡ
Ҳֲ̫ˡ
עû˵ɣ˿ռһۣͷû
Σʱ̣ǸѵĶ֮ء
СҲ뵽£誽ʵ𣿻᲻ٻ
ܼ־֢ҪҡҡͷֱӴ򿪿ռߣڷȺм䡣
Ҳ٣˽뿴ŷȺëܿһ
ÿֲô࣡վҲ̲ס˼
Ⱥû̲֪һǲݵȺϡ
ҪǱǲϣԼ仯Ϊԭʼ̬Ҳģ
˺һȺ뿪ڵĵط
ռ䲻ƶĽĳΪԷһ誻ǴôϢ
̼Ⱥ뿪Ҳ˿ԹԵȥһϣͿСôֵôá
СҲϸſռ䣬µľǰΧȦһƬ֪˵ǳĵط
ΰʺصӣС̨͸˵ֵĳߣ͸ָɲķĴϡ
߲Զһôϴ״ǧұ룬˶۵Ĳ˵أ˵Ա߻мȦѼᣬͬСԺһ㡣
ɣſţҲȥһͿһƬļųϰ˾µС˵ģٵطѾˡ
Ա߼Ʈζ
֮⣬һϻڷ˲ʵݡ
뵽ľ˵Ϊ̫ݣһЩʶ
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棬վ̵ĻҲıֱۣǿɲԼֵģѼԼģǼѼµģҺ͹ġ
˵̾˿ôеǮˣô죿
ۣ

༸վŵĻʱûסЦ˳ɣ嶼ûס
ֻ調ʱ°һһ߰ӡ
Ϊռľݶ˶ԼҲֻڷϢ
ȵ΢䣬һľѡԵĶĳһ١
ɣ廹ϴ裬һɫ廨ű誴ռ䡣
⼸˵û󣬱Ͼ׾ͿʹþˣԼǺܼ򵥵ġ
һȥཬҲ˲Ȼһ¡
ĻѾ췭ظԭϢïֱƶأܲľһ棬һʬ嶼û¡
ľС˵ܿǴĹģҪҪ˳ȥ
ȥɡûоܾҲûͷȥ
˳ű·ֱߣ˰Сʱں
誸ȥͿһǱİŮ˵ײײıܹ׷һóŮˡ
ǣǰŮ˼Ůɫһ䡣
ŮһֱˤҲûҪŹ˼
ۿŮҪһҲ˦һŰɫֽȥ
֣СüȻôͬҲ׷׶ˡ
СڼΪеڶǸ׶ǵ佣ʦҲŮ
׾پͽԷˡ
ŮԲУ񶾵һۣǸҵţ



52 
̷˵İŮˣԱһʯͷְȥϢ
㻹𣿡調ŮɫҲ˳ڹһ䡣
Ҳǰ׾ȣ˺Ƕʮִף壬й˻ࡣ
ǰŮˣ¾ͷˡ
ãллŮ˱ղŵ˺ϻˣʹѡ
ǿŵлȻӻһƿһöҩ¡
Ů˵ϢˣҲûֱӶ·ɣüۼ仹Ƕ˼ֲͷ
誼˲˼ӣͷ档
ɣ״һűɰƴСͷϵվ˵ƽʱִ򲻹˼ңǻô죿
վűʵе£ԲԲСתһŷӦûգأһᱣ誵ġ
ҪҲ򲻹أ̧ۣƤСһεʵȻ޶
ǾֲۣǱ⻹ţվĿצצֱСһЩſͷϢ
ͷȰ誵ĺÿ̶ںԵķٿŲȥ
誣ʱͻȻȥˣͲˡ
ȻˣҲģְסʱе㲻ѡ
⻰ûëɣ̶Ĭˡ
誱Ҳ˵ȻҲ֪ǲԸЩ
Ҫ֮ǰҽȥ˶ˣڿɿطΧڣͬ׬¡
Ů˵ϢĲ࣬ʹżˡ
ŵʱʦҲ뵽Щ֮ͽĶԹС
Ϊ޵֮Ѫ飬Ҳһһεľ̸֮
Ų´Ьģÿΰ鱦Ĺ֡ĵر˷֣ȷѪꡣ
ֵطɱԽĶǷӣţвΪǣȥ
̵Ļڵļλ棬û˰˻ʬǶɹū
ԺžͶĵĹ涨ҲϷ˱
¾˵ĵرɻԵ׵ʿᣬǾø׼
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ӵȷʵűԽȻҲǡ
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ּŮ˴ûˣҲ˵ؾˡ
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һ·ϼʿû٣Ȼ˽ЩԹԹ
Ϊһߣֻ֪й£ħй¾͹ˡ
˼ǰ·һʯɽʱɣͻȻüء
ʱγıԱ˴վһȦ
ʱʮŶҺ˴ɽԱ߳˳Χһš
һֱ̽صѰϵͳҲһʱ˼˵Ϊ׼
[׶ǣһװǣǣ⼸һǵǣ鷳ˣ
誻ûüѼѣһ˶һǵ˾Ͷһ͸ߴ˵ϴҾ˵ɣȫƯǣصиˣ
ҲŮˣ⻰üǶڵˣϱﲻ٣Ҫ
誺Сһص޲£һ۾װڵˡ
ţԷѾȷ˹
׵ĿȷһͷֱǣסɣվţСụܹ́Ҳֱס
ʣһ誣׺׵Χţ˶û誵һ¡
ֻǶЦſСˣʶĻϽѶɣóԿͷ
Щֱӻִӿռų˻Ӱ١
ϤӰٴԭ˵ĻɫɫʢɫС
ص˲䣬ҶƬɢ
СĿŷΧûв缸ˡ
ֻΧסļʿûôˣþǷֱ𿴵־µĶ
誳Ǿʧֱ͵ϮתܵĻᶼûУͱ׺ݺڵϡ
Ѫȴڻþ޷԰Σһ˲֪ʲôȻԼӿٳˡ
ɣһߺΪ׵ʿ򶷣һעС誣ʤ֮ɽȻ֪˵ʲôˡ
վҲߵûΣգһ˷ֱӰ׶ǵʿɳȥʣµĽǣ
Ͱ課˼ЦЦش



53 Ȼɱ
缸ȻҲʮֳǼû£ҲĶԸˡ
û£ȰΧǵ˴޷֣ȻְСýǵʿ
ɣߣϵıҲɽֻһǵ׳վֱӰҧˡ
ЩҪôȫ̼꣬˿ŵصļЩɡ
Ȼɱˡɣһ
뵽ЩаĿֱӶ֣ʹʥƷɽֳĵֱӴ̴˼ˡ
վҲûпɱʣµˡ
[ɱǴС㡣ݿתۼĿʮˣϵͳЩ
ŴС㶯֣缸Ҳû˵ʲôֻǿһصѪ˵Ѫζ̫ǻޣ߰ɡ
һ£ҪˣСæڡ
ôˣ̲ĻͷͿСЩʬȥ
СôΨһһŮʬֲͷϵЩء
ȫ¶Լ˵ɱɱˣЩҲܱ˱ˡ
վŶʱ۾һֱɱʿϣһצӹ˼Ǿǣܱ˱ˣ調㣡ܹæ
ɣǳ鴤誱ȥʬ֪ΪʲôоȻЩų⣬ʶڣ誡
᲻ѣ²ȥֵʶתڣôˣ
ֹСʬû죬ɣ岻ɫ˵ĻӰڿռôûп
誶ԴҲЩΣ͵ռöطûн⿪ҺСŶ޷㣬ȴܾܣҲǰóſõ
ҲֲදĲͬռļѼҲȥƫƫӰپͿԡ
ԭˡɣͷѾʬò࣬Ҳ˵ˡ
ʱվűһѴצצϻһָĵܹ˷ˣ調
ܹҲѳȵԲǿġ
ʦ㡭ʶˣϾɱЩûʲôͷҲӦá
ûֹҲЩ˶ЦЦûµģ˰ɡ
Ǿǣʦÿ궼ַԴСöףԼžͺáҲͷ˵
ɣ˵ˣһ۵ģֱ̧ǰ档
ʮĸˣվźܹѹаʿʣ°˸ĶȫСˡ
ھ嶼ʲôղûаڳĴ㡣
һ·վźɣ嶼ʹʶ̽·ѰĹ꣬ϵͳĿǰɼ뻹ףѾûʲôˡ
ȻһɱȸղɱʱŨʮѪζƮ˱
̧סڱǣСҲü˵Ҳ˲١
ԽǰߣѪζԽŨ񣬻Żĸζ
̫ˣҪȥռ䡣վܲ誵ı˵
ˡܹҲЩܲˣĿ
ǿҲǶѬͷΡ
ãȽȥɡҲ֪һ㣬ֻëյռϢ
ſڱǼǰУͿһͷңϺܶ൶ڵڵɵЦﻹһ鲻СʯͷǺǣҵˡ
ϵ˿ڻڵѪȴ˿оʹһšüսһ£ħˣ
ǰвʬ壬طйŹ֡ɣҲͨʶ֮˸Զǰ˵ʬ壬涼ѪȾɰɫˡ
ʱֿٶ׵ĵطȻһѷ죬̽ʶͿѷ׵ģ
ӦһʼߵˣȻ֪ΪξȺ䡣
ʱͻȻָһ򾪺һ쿴ˣ
誼ʶ˳ָķȥͿղŻ˾Ȼʯͷڿҧ
Ѫ죬ȴܲʹһҧʯ飬ϻ¶ܵı顣
һ˾ȻҧһʯͷСü˿﷢ëΪطĹҲóȻǰ
[㿴ߵĵ棡ݾʱϵͳͻȻҲһ
誶ۿȥͿԲѪ˿һϸߡ
Ѫ˿ϢİסˣƤȻȡʲô
ҲоʹʼȴʼѪѪĭоȻ顣
ûԥֱӷųӰ٣Ӱٽܵ뷨˾Ǻ󷽡
̼Ҳ˸ղŵЩѪ˿һĶŻûջص£ڿлѪ˿̲סһЩʲô
ɣȴüͷݺһš課ÿڣܱܲʱشģ㿴Щˣ
˻ͷһȻָղű誾ȻϣЩѲѪ˿ʼ
ҡҲû뵽ЩѪ˿뿪廹ܼܣȻڵϾʱҲǸ
ߣɣһۣóзʹȻק浹ʬĵطȥ
缸Ҳ׽ӴЩСͨз뿪档
зʮ⣬¿ͣڰպܾãɣ˼ЩʬҲʮ־衣



54 ĹڵԼͷ
ʱͻȻһֻ޴ޱȣצĺɫǳ
ͷǾ޴Լҧֶ㶯ɣֻһɺӽŵֱͷ
ĪĿ־˶ã̲ס΢
ŷһһζһסɣ֣ĵʵôˣ
ѵղǲ֪ʱʲôϮ
ܣɣعſ־ʹ뿪
ʱҲһԼʮ׸ߣĿͯޣ
ֻޣ誶ʱԺһѯʹϵͳûм⵽κʱŸȷԼ뷨
סɫ֣ԼӴܵɣ壺ɣС㣬ЩǼٵģ
ɣ忴ôͷңһʱֻŶ誵ĻЩãȻּ׵绷Ƶı
ֵ課֪ʲôֻץסֱ۰οǼٵģ£Щֻǻѣ
󣿡ɣĻǻͷһǻӶ鳤׷ľ޴ȴôС
Ƿذ׵ĵ̣ܿ
誸ղѾٵĺͯ޻һƣûж㡣
ֻǿһûȻּиֿŵӣɣ˵ң𿴾ͺã˺ǡ
Ŀ⣬ɣҲ侲ã
ʱҲӦǶĿֲȷʵֻ׷ܶѣҪޣһϢ֮ˡ
οɣ壬ֵղŻ֮ɢǡ
ɣҲ֪ܵ󣬴調ʼˣ֪ǲã֪޴Ǽٵġ
һֱ񺮣첲ϵļƤûȥ
һߵ缸ˣʱʱɵĺͯޡ
СʱµľǰĺͯˣֲĹޣͯ޿ǻ͵СѵĶۣƤá
һü춼û˯ܳһʱ䲻ȥӾӾ
Ըղſɫצĺͯʱһ˿ֻıˡ
ûһҵվڷзҡҡ׹жſһ󹥻硣
誼״æʦ㣬ЩˣסȥˣЩֻǻþѣġ
誵Ȼôһ˲ɣҲܿΧаס˽µķз
˼򵥹ͨһ£Ѱ̺Сãûã̵ɵɵƷæҪˣ
ȥͿһקСãһֳֽڿ
Сͬʲôϡ֮һԱ߲Զһ۷Ź⣬̵֣ſңҪȥñ
ʦãԹ״ʹɵߣһ˿ʵڡ
̱ȽĻҲټԸˣСûЩţɴѲѡ
課ͷڧҲСûƭ̱
Ц˵ȻȰ㿴ġɣڴȳȥ
е˵ȷʵաĻС˿ҲϿɵĵͷ
һɵһĿ⿴Ǵȥѣ֣س֡
ɵĸڵСÿֻǲסķӡ
Ϊ˵õ˷Ѻһڰѡӡƽ⣬ѡյС
誺ɣ忴Ķͬʱǳ鴤û˵ʲô
ȻȷЩþ˺ǣּǰȥ
ŵµʬ壬üͷЩ˶ǱþԻ󣬶ԿĹʱأȻЩѪ߳ˡ
̸͵ĵͷ˿ЩӲɣ壬ֿһûһ誣̲סʵС誣㿴Ĺʲôôô
ͷر󣬴ʮ׸ߣֳִ誼һֻͯ޵ӡ
Ҳ󲻳Ǹʲô
ɣ忴ʱʱ˷ðľ޴򼣬Ҳûֿ־ĸоĴ
˽Ŷһ㣬ͶſֲһЩŤûͷһаɡ
ڼӦĻʱǰͻȻһΰʯš
ʯϿ˹϶صķģɢĹâ
ӦþͨĹ걦֮ˡС˷ܵ˵
ǰϸʯţȥЩģȴһǿ
ǿͻǲУý⿪ĵܲСü
ɣʯһȦʯŵײһССİݣݴЩͼΡ
Ǹݵ״ɣüͷһ壬Ҳһۡ
ôˣϵͳʾע⵽ǵĿ⣬ѯһ䡣
缸ûлشֻǴӸԵĴռóһö壬öϿһӦ״밼ݴһޡ
誽ͣڵϵеƣŵĳΪһ塣
ƻɢâӲزƵĹâͻϨ𣬿سʦֳϾ֪˭ˡ
˵ĹˣѵڵˣСü״̲סһüһĹڵԼͷˡ



55 
û˵ɣֱӰԼƷ밼֮С
밼ϵ̼䣬ɢһ͵Ľɫâ
ܿâʯţһƵʯŻ򿪣ʯſ˲˾ͿһƼ̨ϣĽˡ
˴׸ߣٵ̵һɷǵģ
һۣС̤ʯڣɣջƣƯ΢Уֱִ̧˰ۡ
ʲô̱һؿڲʵ
Ĺؾƾ£ûҪ¶ˡɣ帧˸ϲڵĻҵ˵
еҪǱЩ֪⾹ȱؾǹҪ鷳̶ʱ˼Ͽɵĵͷ
ȻСѣ˵ãĸһ𵽵ʲôԼã󿴲ϵҲƽˣ˭Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
á誼˻ûڣɣȻش
龰СúҲû˵ʲôۼҪҲϽȥ
ȻºϣΪĹҵǽǶҹ飬Թʮ
˵ұ𣿿費Ի͵ĹңЩȲĴ˴֡
վźܹͰ಻סˣҲ˳ưǷ˳
ɣߵ˽ĻƽǰһСʯֻּҳЩˡ
£ָȥҳԭλǰ
Ȼ֪˶Էƣɣ弸ȴûӡ
˵Ȼ״ܣڿ϶м¼ŶԣǶȴûӡ
ʯдţֻں󱲲ʸĹңԼаʦţʦŵͽ̵
ҲڷǳĵӣôһֱٱڳϣԼһ
ֻϣгһգڵĺܸĸͷ
Уͷɣ̶Щֺ֣λǰͷ
ȴһס
ôˣ̱ţЩԵĿ
лأҲȷȥͷᷢʲô飬ҲȷͷĻô誴ʱҲʮ𾪣ϵͳ˵һƬĹҵ¶лأֹ̡
ʲô̺СҲһ
ȷ𣿡ɣʹʶ˿ȴûзʲô쳣
Һȷĵͷ
վź̶һۣͬʱѿڶǧ
Ӧǡ誵ͷǧڲ⴫ؼգԷڵ֡
ǧ赲֮Ŀ̽ɣûзֻأϵͳͬ
ȻЩʱȷʵûôãǶʵʵڵĶܼģ˷Ϊˣͱ誸߽׵ˡ
ֻҪԷ֣Ըţôһ޵еĴڡ
ǾͲˣżɫأ̽Եʵ
ʲôֱ𣿡һ뵽ǱһղžȻͬĵɣ壬ֻ޲һŰƽ߷ɡ
ǲĵĻö᲻Ҳʲô󷨻أСÿ˿Ҳ˵
صĻҿԷ֣󷨡˵ԥĿɣ塣
Һʦûᾡ⡣Ҳص˵
ΪĲȷأԼ˺վǣԭֿұļƻҲıˣĳһҿĻһʲôͻҲ໥Ӧ
ڽ˵ıкüʯңʯûдţֻһɫĻڸţ̧һӣĻѡ
ȷû֮󣬼˲˽ȥ
ʯЩڰɣóԼȥϵ͵Ϻ誾Ѿóһ˳ûȼˡ
誸˵򣬿ɣĿЩԣôˣ
ûʲôɣһҭֱתͷʯҵĻ
ãȻգգۣҲŴͿʯҰڷ˲ܣÿ϶Ÿƿƿ޹ޡ
̺СѾߵǰǰڲ֪᲻лأûȥ
ϵͳһ飬ûκˡ
ô൤ҩվſļˣżƿƿ޹誣誣˵ôأ죡
á誼״ůĵЦˡ
ɣԵҩûʲôȤϾԼʦֻĴתת뿴ûʲô
ջɣһҩƿĸţȻ˵⼸ƿҩƷܸߣʥ֮ǰòҪԵĺá
Ϊƿ϶ûбʲô;Се˷ҲһЩɣС㣬ܰҿЩʲô𣿡
ȥ˵ɡɣûоܾҲطǿ



56 ش
ѷŵҩĵطѹθɾǰһʯңһﵹûʲôֻǽһϾɣ˻ҳĴ󶦡
̸վûʲô˼ȥһʯҿͱײһɣȲ˹ȥ̫鶦
ĻײűߵҲȥʲôǧǰС͵͵ߵ̫鶦
ĹҲһʦ̫鶦ɣҲ˲ӻóӰѶϵĻҳ
ʲô̫鶦վſô̲סʵ
͵̫鶦ƷҲڵ֮ǧǰ˶ϱ˵ߣû뵽Ȼ
ǼȻô޹ɳأ᲻ֻһûʲôرĶСЩʵ
̫鶦ɣȴҡҡͷҫָḧ̫鶦϶˵ھмأ˶һλ۷֮ǰӡܷ
Ҫǣϻдţλǰһ׷ãһκȶ˷Ʒ裬ⶦһ
µĺۼʮϸС˵һޡ
Ϊʲôûȥ֮ٿ
պ̫鶦ּǰһʯңʯڷһǹ޸С
һۿöϵͳʱ[ұߣұߣǸ
˳ӵ߹ȥͿһɢŵĳ
ѽһ£޳ڽӶ£Ϊһֻɫ״[ʲôƷģ
[ƷƷķˣϵͳ㴩͸誵ĶĤ
һߣСüҲæȡԼϵıûע⵽Ķ
һųһ̲סͺҲʥƷҲǣ˷ˣ
ɣҲӼһ޳ʥƷ
ϵͳİ£ִӽҵһصʥ׸Ʒı
վźܹҲֺǺǵıǵܹ誰誣ϲһ˾ˡ
á調վűŵľŽڱ޴ӦһܹõһѴֶоµ
Ѷպãɨռּǰһʯҡ
ſڣСþͿǰŵдش鱾
ɣҲĿһĵã׼ȥȴֱסٽȥˣĻغøӣ
ǡһŹؼСЩľ
Ҫһ㣬ȻΣգͲҪˡɣ忴żǱĵãȻҲЩᣬҲʲôҪ
һҹؼ˵鶼̫ˣһʯװ˸ֽ鱦һЩ
˲ݲʰƽһ£ʹ·ȥˡ
·ʱʵûסһǽϸͷСҹ顣
ɣ״ƲƲ죬ʲôϡģ
ȻҲѧһۣƯ
վźܹ۵࣬ȫ誣״ЦЦɣ˵ֱӰǸߣʵĵġ
誺̶һۣͬе
˵գֱ۷ȥ׸ߵĴˣȷûдصĵط誾ֱӰѽռ
ˣСأ̲˸ˡ
䣬ĹҾͿʼһζϵͳҲͬʱѣãرˣ
Σʱ̣誰缸ջؿռ䣬һ̾͸оһͷƤըѵĺ⡣
ܼ˳ɹռ䣬ǼҲǾҵ޷վ
ֹͣͷſһֻ¸ҽеѼӡ
µƿѼŷԭĿռѾһƬѼҷɣʲô
籧վҲܵС誺ʦأ
Ϊղŵ̫ͻȻûûнռ䡣
ɣƿϵ˻ˡ
С誣
誣
ˣ
˼״ʱʧɫ嵽Աߣɫ԰ףüͷӶ̲סġ
誱ѣֱ³һѪ
ɣ״æóԼƵ˵ҩС
ǲѪɣüֲֹסѯʵô£
ռ䱻ĹݿĻֻͷʹѣͷ­·һһ
ɣָιһƿžúһЩشСãЩؼ˻ء
ģ˵Щܶ𣿡Сãɣüͷݺһš
оôǲǿռ䱻ˣ翴ҲĲѡ
šʵҲǿռ䱻ǽһ̱޴ˣǽʱռŴڲ״̬ԲŻᱻ
ΪռˣռܵȻᷴ
ɶ񣡡վҲˣǿܵҲֻܼת
´ټһҧ˵ôأܹҲ¶׹⡣
ָʬ嶼ˡ뵽һ˲µĺվŻ̲ס˸
ص誣Ҳ̲סһСƽʱҲôؼʱôףҪСпռ䣬ζҪˣ



57 Сá
Ȱһ£СŪطϢɣʦãС誾չˡռһƬٵòӣվ˵
áɣͷ˶誼Լ
ܹԼĲ˼ӣʹĲ԰ЩѹĬĬİѻƹϼӷ
Դ죬æµ֪˯˹ȥ
ɣԵͷ԰׵Ĵͼ͸ɫĬĬһЩ
ûãҰѿռʰԭӣǼѼˤ˲٣Ҳȫˣ˵ظǻٵòӡ
ܹ԰ӾȲɴЩپֲ
ɨ棬ɨ׼Žȥľݣȴľ𣺡ףľݾȻûܵӰ졣
ԭΪŸʳľݿ϶Դɨȴû뵽û¡
ľûӰ죬վźܹҲû̫⡣
ѷĴãִӴó̺ôɣ誱
ɣͷ誺󱳣ִɵİŷ
ôһߣҲˣԺۣӳıɣеݣԼ˼ҹš
һע⵽ˣ߹ȥĵСˣûиоһ㣿
ˣɣҲһԥǼ߻ֱӰ˷
ǵͷһۣ԰Ĳֱߵ¶촲߲Ű¡
ллȻͬΪŮ˵ɣ幫еΪ飬誻Եл
ɣվڴջ֣ڵıֱۻش
ŴôԱߣ̲ס˵С誣ռľݾûзˣʵЩ㣬ǸһϢΣ
ҲεЦЦǺǣԭпյʱ޸ľݣһֱûڳʱ
ƽʱСŻйֱ¶˯Ҳûʲô˶ˣȷʵеΡ
޷ǰɣſ˰ѵ˵
ǸжȴֿռûжľĴǰããӣΨһĵطҲͷԲİףɼľˡ
ȥ˵ɡݸһЦֻԺ顣
Ҳ֪ôˡ̴ľһõ棬һ˵һԱߵĶϳ
ɣҲȥһ̸һɫƷ澹Ȼб顣
һӣĳ˳
ԭĹѾһƬĺʯĹҡ
䣬ҪҪȳȥ֪ΪʲôЩ˵
ãֻܵס𣿡ûзԣֻЩġ
ҡҡͷż˵ûµģСźҳȥͺãҿԴ뿪ǿռ޷Լƶ
ɣȴü˵Һȥһ㿸סһеҩԾ㡣
뿪ҲȥˣҲҪܲס赹Ǿˡ
վŻǲûп飬˸˵ʲô
ֻΪԼҲû˵ʲôһ˿ռ䡣
һռ䣬誾ͱʯͷҲҺûеռ䣬ȻܼҲˡ
ɣ嵹Ǳŵ˷棬һͱѹţҲ׿ռı׶ˡ
ѹø˵ҶҾ
á誴Ӧһϵʯͷͽƿ
誱ȳĴѰҳȥͨ
ȻŲűߣ˾ֺ
ɣô뿪ĲӬֵʱȴͻȻסߣԳȥ
Źؼʯʱɣͼܹվŷ˳
СţҪ鷳ˣڳȥָϵͳ̽⵽ǽڣֻ˵
ǰɣվؿڣܹһٶ
űѹסؼɣЩɣЩ
߰ɡЦЦȼһؼִӷٳһ
ɣ״ҲһӷѰһóĹؼʼûٿǱķ
ʱʲôճʪĶ
ͬһջ֣ںڰдţСá
Щѹɣֱվקһѣ͸ˣ˲С߰ɡ
誱קû취ֻܸɣ߽վںõĶѨ
뿪ûãҲͨ˽ͨ뿪Ĺҵһ˲䣬վֻͷѶϣͲ˷ˡ
Ĺұ٣ĹؾҲʧĻѾ˾ȵĵò
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һľ񵱵£̲ס˵ϧЩɲҩؾһʧǸĹѨȫɢˡ



58 
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ĹұٿռɢĶȫΪӰ
뵽Ĺ˵ƣ̻Ƿ߷߲ƽĹҲǵģڵϵӲܿĻأȴҪӸᣬѹֵᱻʦš
һʼĿͷ˷ԵĹؼǱɵѡ񰡣
Һǰ誴ʶ˶Էıơվŵıצצ˵
̱ʱʱ̿ά誵ӶЦצӣǣˣСҲأ
ʱһõ𣺡ɣʦãô
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ﻹ滨꣬˵褣żҵͬš
󻹸ʮŵʿ
ƨ¡Աߵɣ屾鲻ãʵʦҲûкɫ
۹һ嵽мżʵʦ֡ʦǣǿҵˣ
ĵӣһŴɫŮҡҡͷûУҲûҵ𣿡
Щŵˣ̹̾˿ҲûУǱ׷һϣȻֱһȺΧòװǡ
ͿòļƷɲݣСĲժʱܾͱ˾ȵӣһɲֱɢˡ
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һߵŮˣ˵Сã￩һ£ȴȡ
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ڵλͣҲ֪ɣСӲм˵ѣҲֻա
в뿪֮ǰĿⲻֹһεԹ誺վϡ
ע⵽⣬ɣ弸ͬʱü
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ҲģɣĿڣֻǻû˵꣬ͱԷϣ
ܣ
ɣ̫֣褺ôҲʦ㣡ʱҲŭ
ôܣɣ岻мһۡ
㣡ʱµ˵һŻӢǺ졣
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СȻ׶ǣҲ˼ĳɡ
СŲʮѾһǣ֮Ůˡ
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ⲢʲôضĶǴСɲݳȴûпǵĶ
ͱһʼֻ¹ֻͨСȴǳݳġ
ΪСԵĶݣ̺Ũҩݵ㣬ͨ˺ʿ˵Ǵ󲹵ζ
ζĳԷ̻ԣ誺ܿһ
̿һóԵ˵û뵽㻹Ⱑר¹´θͷ
˵ЦЦûоܾҲûдӦ
Ѿ˽ƷԵɣ̲סƳһۣҲЦЦ
Ա㣬׼Ϣ뿪ԶĴ
վ鿴ɣѾһԷӣ̲סü
׷ɱ֮ǰؾµŮˣŮҲǣ˹
׷ɱŮ˵ŮΪͣ缸˵Ȼϣȳֽǡ
Ůֱ˵誻ϵͳʱ򣬶ԷۼֿİһŶ
ˣ誵ܹ״ʧɫɣҲһѰŮ˳ŷĸѾѪ죬ȻǱ˻ˡ
һУŮҲȻʧȥһֻֻɣץţȴ˵ϡ
鿴Ů˵ɣһߵڿԼɤӵǰô
Ƕֱӻˡ調û³˶ˡ
ͬʱǶʼЧֻоʹﾲʹ
ʹڵϴɣҲˣ誣誣



59 Ƕҩ
һץסŮ˵½ŭ𣺡㵽׸ʲô
鵤Ƕҩҩι誵Ů˵꣬¶һĨȻ΢ЦȻȫһɣҲû˫ۡ
鵤֣ɣͫȻһһץֱӼзվţϽϣ
վһԥת˻ȥѾʹ÷ߣֻȫٱܸϡ
׷ɱŮ˵һ˿ŭ𣺡ˣ㾹ȻҰ鵤˳ˣҪʬΣ
Ǳ缸Ҳ׷ɱߵŭ֣ͣɣż뿪ҲæŹϡ
뵽ǾʬΣ̻ǰŮ˵ʬһˡ
һߣɣҵһˮ̶ֱӰ誶˽ȥȻҲȽˮ̶ת
վܵҲҵ󣬽ˮ̶ת誷ֵǿҩԡ
ǸϵͿˮ̶мʹ࣬ɣվһ̲ͣĴǿ󴿴
Ҳȥæɣ̿ŵģҲһŲȽˮ̶ȴԭӦϪˮȻЩ̡
ȴһס鵤ʥƷ߼ҩֻʦúСܰæˡ
ʱֻԼ屻ǹǿ˺졣
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ֱһбɢ˴ĺɫɫû֮ǰһ۳С
ͬһһһתΪʵʵ͸ɫ壬ƺرܳԣ߲ܶܣȫսȥ
ڱڷӿ˻۴ڲٸ誵ɸ˺
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վŴʱһʲôϣߴ̲ȻСģ
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Ҳ֪׶Ҫɽ٣ĸվϵ·ӡ
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ֻ׼˰죬׽ȴȻû¡
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ɣˮ̶誣ڣͷҵӣֻǿЦʵô
誱ûʹ飬Ӳתͷ
ûڣͿеӳϺһһ飬ͷȼѻҵԼʱһУ
޷Լ˿ֱһ˿ռ䡣
µļű˴ˣûסЦ
誸ղӺؤ뵽誸ղŵӣվȻģôҲ̲סˡ
Ҳøôܲأ
뵽ǽӲļУ̶ЦỨǵ׽Ҳһˣ
ĻӦǡɢ¶ĵ㷱ǣοĽĵͷ
һߣ誻صռͣİԼϴˢɾȻְѱͷ޼һ¡
·־һ⣬ռʮֹԲ幫ķΧˡ
ȵǾľݲԶĵطȻɽʣɽˮʮ׳
򵥴һֳ˿ռ䣬ǰֵʱֱ֮ǰƯصĴ
뵽ղԼӣεЦЦҡղǶ׽٣
վŻŸղ̸·ıǰЦÿɰѣѽѽ²˭
ϤҲѣļ𾪵˵СţСţ㻯ˣ
ǰĴ쵰˫Ƥһ˫Ư۾峺üë۵ͦµıǺӣ죬˿ɰˡ
ѽңôòÿվſĵĵͷЦʮ
ÿСÿĵͷ·Щʮ裬ֺ˵һһ˿ռ䡣
ռ˾޴ı仯缸Ҳʮ𾪡
誴ľϳһӡ
ﶼЩվ׼·Σϴ軻·Ȼٺúô硣
أվ֪ԼĶӹ·ĵȥľԡҡ
ԡʵǸ䣬һԡͰһûУûԡͰԡǹҪġ
ΣȻҪһȤˣ



60 Ǽ
վŽȥˣ課ſɣл־һΣлл㡣
ʱŷ֣ԭһǵĴС㣬Ҳ׶ǣԼҲ׶ǡ
СͬҲһǣˡ
Ӷ׾һ絽Ľףѹֹлôʹࡣ
ߡΪֻվˡɣ屧ֱһ
˵仰ɫʱһ漴һνԱߵϣЩգҲһ˿⡣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôֻվŵӣﾹȻЩ
ôأֻСŵһλΣ̫ˡ課˼ЦЦ͵
СűεɰѽСģһ¡ӶվſɰЦݣҲ̲ס͵ͷ
һֱ֪СԸɰë׵Ҳʮû뵽ҲôƯɰ
ʱ뵽ǸѵҩˣˣǸŮأôˣ
ˣﱻ٣϶˵£̾˿
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誸һ˵֪ģллʦʦ㣬ʦһƬ⣬課ǲʶ̧ٵˣһֱżλʦĺ⣬Һܸм
˵һЦ˵ʲô־Щ̫ˡ
̱ôе㲻Ȼһסļģ
ôʲôǺôҲͬĺˣҪлǲͺˡ
ߡɣ岻̫һúʲôãҲʦ㾭ǹǲˡ
á課˼ЦЦоʬůůġ
˵̹ĳ̾һ»Ҫ˲ʮ꣬Сµһŵҩ˱˰
㵤ҩˣ𣿡ɣƳһۡ
ȻûУǵҩԶҲǸ»вźá̺ٺһЦ˵
ſɲôСЬţǺƵร
ԱߵϣЦſ˰ûм룬ԼĴó߲Ҷ
ˣ˵ҩЩʲôҩأ誳ûЩƿƿ޹޶ɣæֱһ£ǩ
ҿЩҩɣ嶼ûãԻ治֪ʲô
궼ڵɲݵԻһֱܷҩࡣ
ȻڼЩҩȴһ䣬ֿٰƿӵĵ鿴
ôˣɫ죬ͬʱһ¡
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ЩҩͶƷõö鵤ǵ۽ǿ߻׸ǲܷõҩЩҩȫݹ
ʲôҲ̫ȫݹһվ
ʲôǱ谡ЩԵʵ
ɣ˿͵һɫζľ綾úѪҺڲ֪ɱǵ˵۽ףֶȥ
ô£·վҲһȻ󶪳һ㿴ЩǲҲж
СõĴǸ˲䲻ˡ
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ͨ޷Լֻһͨװѣɣɾʹ˴ӡ
򵥲鿴һ£ŷִЩҩɱǼʿĶȻĹҲǱķ
ּһЩҩϵЩûȫݹ
õ誶еʧ䣬̼״ļ򣺡ˣܳԾͲܳ԰ɣôЩ
ѽ誵ͷֻǿϧˣôõĵҩ
ʱܹһƷɲݹˣҿԳ𣿡
Ȼͱվ˺ܶ࣬ǶڻεӻʮĽģҲӿջΣΪĸ
԰ɣҵġûоܾԥĵͷ
ܹĵıɲȥųԣɣ崽ǲԾ鶯һ¡
ʦ˵űԲҩͨ˿ţ⣬һ
ҲͬɲݣÿĸҶҩЧǲͬģͱ֮ǰԵݡ
ȻʳϸһǴ΢صģԶ˻תѡ
֮ȡ侫ȥɣԷ˵õѡ
ҲȷʵÿһöҩļֵʮְԽƫԶĵطҩǧúܶûе̰ȴ
ֻǡ
صţվŻϵĽ³УŽķƯ黨ֱһ˼Сӡ
治֪誵Ǽˡ



61 䤱ĸо
ϣû극Ժϵͳ[һ»ֺܸߵأ
ȴЩֻ֣Ǹ˵طûбעʲôҪҪȥ
ɫЩأ[ľʲô֣
ƽʱֹŹֵĲһͻȻôߵΪôߵĻ֣Ǿÿȥ
ô誣վżɫأҲɻʵ
ϵͳûش룬бɣ岻˼ЦЦ̽Ե˵ȥ
ۣȿȣ̱ĻǺһˮֱȣ翴˿誣ֿ˸ղ˵⻰ɣ塣
վȴǿĵĵͷͷϵĺ黨ĶŲѽѽΪͻͽǸֹΪʱ㲻Ҫ£һģ
ȴҩɲݶֻשߵĶѡ
Ϊ̫죬þҸĶִսٻغϣһǻӷҩѹʵΪϰڵĽ׶Ρ
ԭ극ҸطɣСһúһٰأ
Ҳܿ컺˹ĿǣҪȥʲôôһһģ
課֪ôͣϵͳԴ˵ϰΪ[͸ǣһԤ֪δ֪ΣյҲǰٷְ׼ȷľͺá
誰ϵͳĻǽˣ̶ʱȻ˵ѹÿһЩ㶼ڡ
ʲôʱûʲôջ񣬻ȥҲǱһȥѽʦãʦ˵أ
ҶԣǡɣűӺ˿ˮν˵
ڲӵӵΪҲעӵԣߣԿʵӣõ㹻ĥͿ飬ӶԼ
ֻҪţ͸¡
Ҳ˵Ļ˵ͷ˵ȻܱС誸Ӧ²ʲôС飬Ҵͬʦ˵һǾͳɡ
á֪ǹԼжĵͷ
Ա㣬˾ͳ˿ռ䣬˵ĵط
ٶʮзڸ߿շ˲һʱ͵һС档
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ʯдС֣ǿԱߵɫʯͷϵĺ첼֪Ǹȥġ
߽һ£СʯȻµġ
վſһ˵µľɵģ誰誣ȥƯ·òã
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С򣬿СǣҲʮֲ
ʳƷСߺţվȴȲżһͷ˳µ
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ܲüѰ̵ѿ˵ôӣ·߲Ҳ±ӣ
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˵ˮĴ۾誣ɣĿһݣҲݺݵĿ誡
ʱ˿̣Īֺ䤱ĸоֻöЦ˵СųÿɰѺ䣬ſ϶ˮ飬ɣСòɫɫɫҲӰ䡣
ɣ⣬վһҲúˡ
վСһ񣺡誣ĻҵĶࡣ
誺ǺЦţԱߵǳɫ廨ȹ˺ˣСſ޵пɰƯҼˣôҪҪԿ
ÿվſƯȹӶʱǰһֽӹȻһ¡
һֱԱ߿ֵ磬һ˿ģʧЦҡҡͷС㲻𣿡
·ءҡҡͷ
ʱֱһܴĺɫľнС㿴ϲϲ
˵ѺӴ򿪣ʮ֧Ưķ黨
ЩƯΣվ˫һۣöΣ𣿡
˧ĵͷȻҲССͷصġ
վŵͷȻҡҡͷ誶ͷҹ⿴ˣôѧᡣ
誶ͶĿ⣬ҲֻܻһЦ
Ǯ誺ɣ弸һ£Сһ顣
ڳϤСĵκ誱ȥסջɣ忴ջ˼˵ֱһСԺס¡
ʩȫиСԺӣվ̲ס˵ǴС㣬治Լѽ
ɣСԺҲ⣬ڻش𣺡ǣСɲϰߺʲô߰סһ𣡡
ǮԼסվҲʮֿģ˸Ĵָ
ɣû˵ֻȥѡҪסķ䡣
ʵǶסջӰ
ʮǰʱʦһԶš
ʦͣԸ¿ջͶ޵ˣǴξǺЩӵסһ



62 ײС
ϣ͵͵ķ͵ʱԡŵòᣬҺʦʱ˸˳ȥ
֮ʮˣҪҹʱ
СԺܴ󣬷Ҳ࣬誺缸Ҳѡɣ帽ķ䷽ӦܹҲһ˴
÷䣬ȥѳϾĺܣȷҪãסĵطŪ̻
̺һæɣվֻ濴š
вס調ʼ죺С誣˵С⣬ǽһ鶼ûзаټ
˵ֵľʱԤеᷢʲô£ˮֻֻ֣аɱˡ
еʱֻȷᷢʲôʲô֪˵ȻϵͳʱĿȷʱֻܿԼ֡
ԭˡ̻Ȼĵͷ
Ǻߣ᲻ǶԷһʼûд񣬵ǻΪһЩӰ˺ķչɣ˼Ҳ˼˵
վڳſڵ̨ԼаƯָ⻰˵Ҳɱˣ֮ǰҺͰȥһĳǵĵطҲûа
죬һһȺμϲˣϰٸˣȫÿɲˣΪǱ˶ɱġ
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ҰʱСϵͳΪǲССֲԵʱѾʧˡ
£缸˵һҲųаǰ֣˺ˡ
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ĨɫĶԼ˵Һĸо鲢򵥣ǶҪʮֽע⡣
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˵˵ͷû˵ʲô
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վźȴ֪ܹ˵ָһƤȺУΪı
Դˣ誻Ǳֹ̬ȣȿ˵
вʲô𣿡վҲʵ
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ϣԤУҲвĵն
ĻվŵǷĲ٣תͷֶ˵˰誣ȻаҺʹСȻȻɡ
ΪʲôԼϵ誣СĹػֻܵͷ˵á
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أվŶʱˣվߣӾͳ˹ȥ
ɣ˫ַ͸ɣܿ˾Ĵ
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[̫бˡϵͳ֪վѵʱжײеģĻ˵ǿʱ֣誡
һ֣˿ɲ׷Źġ
ֻû뵽ɣСͬҲǺϧ
ϣãڵ˻Ϳվźɣ壬һһҵķһȳһյ誽
誴ûɾѪ̶ʱżôˣа𣿡
վƲƲ죬ɣ˵С㣬˵а
ɣʵ̲ס˸ۣ˵㣬صƿɲҴġ
˵ĻٿϢȣС԰׵誣̹һ˿ڿˮԡСǴģôײУ
վſӣ쳤ӱ⣺ڲײУԺñ˶԰ײ𣿱𿴰誱ôңǸղſɲʹҺʹСܵأ
ֻˣûܵѣֱСץһ٣



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64 Թ
ʱվŲ˸磬˵ڽﱻýƺҲ˷ֵġ
ǶԷʵ̫ʶ鲼С򣬼طֻǣСϱ鲼ŶԷצ
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Ȼһֻ԰׸ɿݣֳָֺĹͻȻ¥ֱץס誵˫š
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65 ѩ֮
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ֶ̼ˣæԲǣСзеҪҪץһ㣿
վŰһۣתͷ˵㣬Ӹһ
ոձΣ˵Ǹոճ꣬ȻˣȻҲҪһЩϰס
󣬶˭ʮչˣһ֪Ĵ㣬ʮ𾴵ġ
áЦһ£һĹӵݸ
վŽӹҧһڣ̼ԼֻڨЦŸ誰æûü˾ͳĿ㡣
˵õ̽ҰҲû˵һ䲻á
ȻٶȴҲԭ۾Լ˷ࡣ
ȥ·ϣʶɣߣһʵС㣬зʲôͬ
ɣڣʵߵʱоĪƺкüֻС¹ܡ
Ļѹش𣺡ţڸǡ
˵ʶҲʮҷ֮ûй´ݾߡ
ȻѹߵվŶˣ治ɫǶطĺҲԽء
ɽ£ֿһʯʯдžɽ֡
һۣ뿪
һôȥҹɣķ꣬˯뵽Ա͸磬ֻǸճžͿһоµĵĵݸվš
վſĵĽӹģıȥ誣̻ԭɵЦ
ߵˣ̾Ȼû߶˸ˡ
ɵӣɣ岻һ
룡̱ͻĶŵ÷𣬿ؿڣһ
ɵվʲôɣüʵ
ûոС˵ģʦ㻹˯󲻺˼ЦЦַʵ
̫ˡɣЩȻĻһ䣬ȻҲˣֱߵԱߡ
̼״ʱ£ĺĸ˹ȥʦãǲʲô°ôˣ
ɣ忴һۣûеһʱش
ԥƬ̺󣬲ſ˵㡭Ϊʲôվôã
ң̱Ļʵһͷˮ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôСôɰҵȻİ
һҾ͸ˣͦϲָоġ
ˮǴΣСźС˵ϲƯΣԾͿʼˡ
ļģÿ궼ͺܶǮ͸鱦ͬǺú߶߶
ǲʦʦöߣ˵ЩưѵǴ֮ãԴ֮ûü͹ˡ
СǺΣǻȥ֮дü͵ģˣǽССȥ·ʱġ
СҲûʧ۹ϲĵӣҲеأ
أɣ岻֪뷨ֻʵ
ҲġҲ˵
ȻεĿɣ壺С˹ˣһ첻䶼ڣҺСͷ
Ųͷ˵誣ɣƲƲ졣
վÿֱŤ誶м˵ͣʱ俴ƶվ߰վŵСƢ
ʵʲô϶ѡվվǱߡ
İǶѣΪʲô̬ôԣ
վܿķһͲˣ



69 ű
ţɣ屾ЩӲˡ
һԲתߣҲ֣Ŭ˷䡣
ɣصͬվҲҲǣܾĵһƬȡ
һƨϣϵĲ͹˼裬Ȼûĵ׵ķꡣ
ߵߵߵ
ʱ誵ʹ˽С㡣
ɣˢһվԼеڼæһȹڲſڣû˨
һűƿһֶһ˽ʦ˲ٵģζӦϲ
ɣֻԼһͺ˺ܶ࣬ԭҲ˲䱻ƽˡ
㲻ĵ׵ı仯ҲϲʧصĸоҲ̲סŲΪˡ
ζȷʵܲһ㡣ⰧԹֻûҲûȥƢЦ˵
ɣֻоһȭ޻ϣûˡ
ܰһЩ飬ȴֲǸˡ
ҲãҲգе峺ºͶ䣬ԶŵЦ⣬һƽ͵Ȼӡ
ˣѽӽİɣ
ɣţһҧһڣһƽ˵ζ
ЦЦƺδӵ˼
ĿⲻԾĴһ·䣬Ϳұ߽˼ӺӣϻڷŽɽժݡ
Ƕ⣬ɣЩգôȰЩɾˣ
е࣬ʵҪæ𣿡
ɣֱӾܾæˡ˵뵽ʲô˵Կ
Ƕʵݣְ̧Ƕǽϵˮ
ע⵽ɣķ侹Ȼ˼ˮܽ
ϵһο峺ˮͻˮˮִۣˮ۵ײʳȥһҲûѷŪʪ
龰̲ס̾Ȼǹ˵ǻۡ
ɣС㣬ôϢڷˮ۵أ
ţҲɣ棬ûʶôء
ɣۺ棬Ҳʶֱͦ˼һ߰ӿʼݡ
ЩݲˮӿռóɫɳණˮϴҩҲܿˮ֣ȻһԱá
Ǻݵ𣿡ǴͰɫɳ壬̲ס̡
ɳʯһ֣ĥϸϵĿҶʣܱҩԣǲû취ʱƣɳбʡʣɣ͵
Ǻռľݲ࣬ɳֻܱɲЩĶ
Ȼðڷ룬Ӵռóһֱ۴ϸɵĸ˵٣޶ζȴеʦ֮Ķ
ƵҩʱǿҩںԣѶȣҲը¯ķΪƷǧΪƷ
ԭ調òٵ˵ͷͷôҲƷ
ɣæµҪõʮζһһװڷϣȻӴռóһϵ¯
¯㶦ȵڵ棬¯Բ޴󣬱Ÿӵ·ǳ켣ɽ磬͸һɻȻɵĴ
ƯԴʥϢĵ¯̲סһ̾˵
ȸ¯ʮʱ뱱ڤؾãʥƷ¯ɣǵ֮ɫ
˶ΨһĴС㣬Ƿȴ֪ķȸһõĻԵ
ȸ¯Լʱͱһ
ʮܽ뱱ڤؾܻȡĺ˲ʮʱ򣬻ʲôأϰ¯𾴵˵
ͬʱĲ֪ΪξȻЩۣ˶ֻűķ⣬˭Ƿⱳ᣿
ѧκʵûôѣֻԼûĶѡɣʼ磬һ˫ֽӡȻðһɫ
誼״һ˵Ϳɫһȸģ¯ײһͰ¯Χס綼Ҫյˡ
ɣɫ糣׼õһ¯ڡ
һĿתؿţûּҩ֭ҩʶ˳ңȻûҩս
ɣ棬˵ȸ¯İ棬ԣԼ¶ȡ
֮⣬κλ涼޷ȸ¯޷ȡ
ԭˡ誻ȻĵͷȻԼƵģ



70 תȳ
ɣ΢΢ױʾȷϣͷʶȥ۲쵤¯ڲ
ԡԵͷͷʶ۲죬Ϳڵ¯ﱻյ÷졣
ղűŽȥҩıεڵ¯ĸ̺ɫҺ壬Ȼ󱻿Ƶʱ͸ɫҺ塣
һҩķŽȥʱƺС˺ܶ࣬ݿֱִ֮εɷĩ
Ľѧ誼̣ȻҪɷۣΪʲôֱ濾أǸķ𣿡
ɣҡҡͷԴͨ޷ҩԼ޷̲ص΢ȥ
ֻƣ޳أܱһݺҩĵҩŻ޺
ˡ˽صͷ
վż͸ȥôã̲סĹһһڿĵֻԼˡ
ûãʮݱҩҺҩۡ
ؼһǽЩõҩҩҺ뵤¯ںϣҲķһ
ȫҩŽȥ˲䣬һֱ۲誾͸о֮ǿҵų⣬ֱεݺݵĽͣʹճһ
һĻ誳˾滹Ǿ棬֮ǰΪҩִ࣬ơĥۡȻǷΡ
û뵽Ȼֱڵ¯һλűʶֳСԲĵҩ̲סڴǵĳƷ
ҩں֮󻹵üʱʱɣһֱŵ¯ҲȫעĹ۲ŵҩı仯
ģԭɫ氼͹ƽĵҩ𽥱ù⻬ĿɰһӨѩ׵ɫ
ȻУҲвٵҩܲס¯ѣȻճɻҽ
ÿһŵҩ¯ﱻ٣誺ϵͳ۲ѣɣıȴûκα仯⸱۵ӾúЦ
Ҳǰٷ֮ܳɹģʮöҩܳɹһѾʮ˵ãܳɹöϵĶʥ׼ĵʦˡ
˵ʦǼԴģʦһֱ֮̽ơ
һʼɲݵĳʱȫ١ը¯ռҡ
̽оըɽǸĵرѻġ
ȻɹһʦҲʤĺô
ȣԼҪĵҩΪĻ˾ģҪȥȥˣΪ׳š
Σʦ֮ʮǿɱΣڽޡ
СĳɹҲܸ߰ʮöʮš誸˵ʮöҩʮöŻö
Ϳһŵҩӵײѿ󻯳ɻҽʱŵò˵ˡ
ɣ屻ķӦЦֻһԭ˰˷ԭôɰһ档
ȵҩƺãһֻʣʮ߿ţ課֪ʲôǼ⻹ʣ²֮ĳƷֻöԷʮ˵á
ɣѻʮ̵ֹĵҩڴȻ˵ҪҪԣҼ㿴ôҲжƣ֮ҲʮֲҲܲܳΪʦ
𣿿𣿡ĻЩȣҲ̲סԾԾԡ
ĿѧԺҲҩۣ
ɣ΢΢ףԿɣԱָ¡
˵ִӴռóһСɾµ¯ѧĻȸ¯ʺ㣬Կ
᲻̫鷳ˣҪָԼ誶ʱ˼
޷¯ջ𼴿ɣǱҪƻ򡣡ɣ嵹⣬ѧȻָ㡣
ˣһЩƽʱòϵҩó֣ЩǰѧʱʣµģҲֿϧȥðɡ
ãлл誸мѵĵͷ
ȻɣָСӳһ򵥵ģյĲҩ
Ӻҩžջڵ¯ǳѧʹãֻҪü򵥵ĲžͿˣ֮סҴܵĻ֮̽Եķһζҩ
Сע£ҩݳɹյִ࣬ɣָôҩݻɷۣûһ΢ƣǻɹҩ۾ͱɹ
ɣҲ֮ãֻһξܳɹ
ڶҩҺʱûƺãҩҺ𿾳˽ڵһ顣
Ҳ٣֮˳Ȼơ
ֻǽģоԽԽʱҲʼģһַɲˮȲ׵ĸо
ɣԱ߿Ųû˵ǷףǶĺ飬Ҳһʼľȱ͡
Ͳ׵飬ֵܼѾʮѵˡ
Ȼȵǣ誵״̬ԽԽ֮ҲĵòˣȴȻڼ֡
յͼĵҩֻζҩ䣬һζҩݣԳѧ˵ǲɵ¡
Ҳζҩͱʦ˻ȥû뵽ȴ
ҩȫɣֻתȳ嶶øɸһȱɽۡ



71 ըը
ӣɣȻЩģ˵ܼƵҩۿɲܷ̫á
ƺõҩȷʵܷ̫ãΪҩҩҺ˵¯ͻܿӷҩԣԽƳĵҩƷԽûЧ
Ƕڳѧ˵һҩǷƷΪû˭ܼҩݣûܼȥ
ԣ誵ĵ
Եġͷ۵ĸоᶨĵͷ
ɣ忴ųǿҲ⣬ںϵҩϾ
誼֣ҩҩҺŽȥȫעҩһ
ɣһҩ۱ĳ̶Ⱦˣ¯׵Ļ濪ʼܿƣ¯Ҳ֮һܳ䡣
ôˣ誱һģϹȷˣֻãȻʵ
ɣûʱشֻһӣһϽס
źһһҵıըɣӶʱƬ
ôôˣ
ʲôˣ
ˣôˣ
̼˱ͻľŵû궼ˣһżæŵĴӷ˳
調űٵķ䣬ͷɳϵĵ¯Ƭ˫һڵϣըըˣ
ɣһֿĸ첲û̫ྪȣһγϣϾҪ޳̲סοը¯ѣʲô
ʲôը¯ȸ¯ɣһûɣը¯̶ʱͷҪˡ
Ҫ֪ȸ¯ʥƷⶫҪըˣ˵ˣС򶼵Ϊƽأ
ڣ񻹡ţ
СֵӣɣûĿһۣըˣֲҵըˣûԼûо𣿡
ŶŶǾͺǾͺã̶ʱؿھδĵͷȻʲôСը¯ˣʲôʱѧˣ
ֵ̾ӣվҲûõȥȵĵɴ۾Ȼˣ
ûըˣСķ䶼ըˡһ뵽ô¨Ӹо춼ˡ
Ȳ˵ӵ⣬ǼֵƵ¯˼ҳѧʱһֱڵġ
ֻǺá
ôˮıը˰
ģ
һ뵽زм誴ʱıˡ
ɣ忴ε˵ҹĦֳ̣ɹҩڵһλҩıɹһ̣Ѿһϸѧˡ
ը¯ʦԣҳ㷹ɲعڻڻص䣬ú˯һָɼˡ
ǵû֣˿϶Լļȸж
û뵽һϷô£վ̲סۣ̾ôܽҩˣС㾹ȻܰѰ誽̵ôã˲𰡣
˵˱˸Ĵָ
ɣĿ佱°һҲ߸Ȼʮá
ʱ課ע⵽ԭ֪춼ˡ
ҲΧ˿佱˼ܹΪ˸ʰ̯æֺõİһ䷿ʰɣϢ
ʮˣɣҲû誱ͻȥϢҲȥ·䡣
Ϣվſĵܹȥʰо֣ҲһæǶԵΪ調ġ
·Ʈо޻·ԴմϾ˯˹ȥ
һߣɣȴûϢóòõĵúʶķ
ԭҲֻԣĸȤȴû뵽Ȼһξͳɹˡ
Ȼը¯ҲֻΪƵµͣûа⡣
Ҳɴ˿ɼȷʵʮִϻһͨ
˲ţǱûȷʵϧΪѣȻġ
һξ͵磬һ˯Ѻֻˬʹ֮ڱեָֻ֮ʹȻ˺ܶࡣ
Էʱֻһ·ɣõĵķ誡
誾֮ҽܣǼԷüëһɫһ䣬ֻùԹԽ£СĴģκҪһǰ󣬾Ϲᣡ
УҼסˡɣ岻Ӧһ䣬ûзϡ
ҲòϵĶܱܰȶŻá
վû뵽ɣôãݺļ˵˴С㣬ķǸ޺ˣЩҩըûˣЩã㿴ȱ˶٣ùҡ
ЩûʲôõĶժǡԴɣҲע⣬ãڴռǲռط
£調ռﻹвٺöԼʲôҪԼŶվżȷʵ⣬Ҳͷ˵
ǰС㣬ҺС֮ǰҲռ˲ݣһɲݣ֮ǰ˵ģҪҪĻʱ˵Ҳæͷ˵
֮ǰξԼЩɲݣǾ˱رֻǿ˼ۣûʲôȤ
ȻԵǶ׽ԼĻɣ岢ϲһֱĬĬԷ
ֲˣ誺վҲһͷˮ죬һұҲҿˡ
翴żȴƺʲôƯüʱ
극誸ȥռʣµĶȫܲ¯ɣ壬ͼܹ˽ˣˣ˵Ǹɵأ



72 ж=в
ʲôˣ˭ˣܹĻҲһͷˮ߹
ҡվ̯̯֣Ҳܹ
ˡ
˺ܶˣСġ
ʱ誺ɣͬʱ
ż˾˷Ⱥ鼤ߵ
ɱ֣ǹ
ɱ˳ǣ
˶ʱüͷһ壬ʰöȥ鿴ͿһųͷľɨͼëӷŭİΧǵӡ
һأIḎŮ˿ǳжʱһĨʣָ˵
Ҿ˵ǲǺˣһô϶˵ģţԩ
ŭİգĽ͵ǲʲô᣿ǳէδ˽Թôɱ֣
С˻ҽƱ磡Ƕ̱Ů˵Ļû˵꣬ͱһݺݵسһơ
ͻİðһ׷׾ֵĺˣ
ղŶֵɣվǰĿǣðϴɾ˵򡭡
ʲôȻû˵ڣΧ۰ȴĪðһ⡣
ȻŮȴŭļ֣֣죡ɱǣǣ
һǻɱô죿ȺһЩµĺһ
ʱӭνֵɱʲôзӣѵ¼֣
ԭЩԥŮߵĻʱֵʮ㣬ηĶǣԣʲôϰץסǣ
Ҳԥżһﳯ˳ɣ弸ȻʿͣҲ޶˺ͨա
ЩǱɿãǾ͸⶯ˣֻȭŹֿ
һ߶Щ˵ļëӺɨѣһ߶ɣ˵С㣬Щ˲̫Ծ
ղϵͳЩ˵ĴƺһźӰǵʹЩԸǡ
һȺв֪񣡲ԩɣǱֱ˵ѻˣĻ̵˵
ǣһȺ񣡡վҲˣһ߷һöŮ˶ݺݵĸ͡
ۼЩԽԽֻ˵жȱܡ
һڣܹ˲ðǾֺ˵ʱ
վҲԭͣβһɨѼȫ§һԾݶ뿪
Ϊ˳ܵʱ˼ݶûһʹܵɽϡ
̫ɶЩˣ̸ղŲ֪˭һվһͣæѵס
ЩôͻȻҲ֪ЩΪͻȻ䣬ǵü
Щ˵һźźӰǡ誵·Ҳڸղŵִбһ˵İץƣһ뵽Щ˺۾޲ó˵ӣҲǵǡ
ѹ˵жԭвεվһƨϣС̬ȡ
ɣ忴ԼһǱü˵ȥռ䣬Ҫԡ
ãǱиɽȽɽٽȥɡ誵ͷ˵
š
ɽվһ磬Ȼźʹһռ䡣
ɣȲȥСϴ裬ҲԼһѬܣǴˮҲ˸ŵСȥϴ衣
⻹Сûõģյռˡ
ȼϴ·վһѵ誸ĵǧϣ誣ôأ
һҪȥǲȥҡô誶ʱ뿪
̰һۣ˵ʲôͬΪʿԵԽħΪΣССѾܱ򵹵ģ
˵ˣǶǺѺýãôһȥգ
ǣѵǾǵѪ飬֮һϮɫ񻪷ɣҲһۡ
ҲǸ˼æ͡
ǣɣߵվŵСѵǰһѰԼ˽ȥ
Σһ㣬Ư
ʲôվŶʱˣվڵԱ߲СĹĵĿûǣռҵĵطʲô
áɣֻشһ䣬Ҳɹסվŵ졣
°ͣ΢˵ǣЩɶԼ׬ģÿݺͱǵõʲô꣬誶һǮ
һǮˣݰ誴ˡ



73 ͷж
װѻ⳶ԶҲЦż룺Ҿ˵СôʱǮʱûǮˣԭ
ð誱ô⣬ǰ˵ⲻǼ⣬ֻǲΪԺûǮ򣬵ȻˣǮʱҲܶණģվŵͷͼ²
ʵĲһɲݶϺüǮ
κΰ誾ǸɢͯŮûǮûסʱˮֺʲôģԸԼҲ˳Է
ȻˣҲð誶ŵġ
վЩ˵Ŀַ׷Ͷϣ߹ȥ誵ļ򣺡ƵСŮģԺֻҪнһڳԵģ㣡
誱ĻЦУҾ͵ˡ
СҪ㣿ԼҩǼֵɱݺһĵرֵǮˡɣҲԽᶨҪúö˼̵ĻмĻص
Ҳǣ˵˵ȥǵøС誳ĺİûЦǺǵ˵
˼䣬˲ų˿ռ䡣
żλ˵Ǳ·ǱС򿴿ô¡
ãôأû飬ֻʵ
վ˳һСݶż˵ǩɣ϶Ű誵ģ飬һ̣ĺͰһ𣬶̵һ𡣡
û⡣̴ӦһȳһݳһָǶǩ
ɣڶСݴŰƳ
֮Ĳó飬֪ȫǶ̵ģվһ顣
ҹĻ誺ɣŹСȥҹɫͬһ޴ĺɫĻСС
һèСĵؿСԵͷмӰڻζһ㡣
Ȼ˰֮֡ǰûеѹ˵
򵥣Щͨˣ伴ɡɣ忴һۣ˵
䣿ȴû˵һʱЩΡ
ɣ岢ûвͷԼѧ
һ˫һߵƣءμâ
һ߸ѧһһһţ
о·һת𽥱ӯϢҲ䡣
һԵĹؿǣ̫óΣֻܰطڵϣȴһж
誾ͷԼױˡ
ǰһСֵϵĹȻ޲Сߵɣ߻˻֡
ɣоǰ΢ǰ̽˵ˣֻάְʱڵʥǰǰͬãȰѹ
̾ĻҲɫӦһá
ܹӵʧɣ֪ͻ˿ռ䣬һָֻ֣ҡ
áȰȥŲѯʣôˣ
׼㿴ҿ㣬Ҫô㣿ɣֱǸ
ԭ誶ʱ˼ЦЦʶڿԼûôΡ
ɣһֺ߽ԼĲһҲӭ
Ȼȴû֣ҲûнͣǣһСȥ
Сƹ˳С
ͻȻһľףԭֵĽֵװһһ㡣
ϵͳסǷ񻹻ţϵͳ˵ţֵֻ˯Ҳ˿ɣ˵Щ˻š
ɣͷʶԼץָԶķ򣺡ȥǱ߿
̧ͷȥͿָĵطһС
˳ȥţ誸оΧ¶Ȼͣ˸
ɣҲ誵ָ谲ο
ȻǰһͳֹЩʲô
誺ɣһۣŲĿԴֻһź۵վڿյϣſ
ƺڸʲôԻǰȴʲôûС
СĿϵĴҵκ˶޷赲ūƴһΪɨϰ
ʱƺʲô͵תͷڵķ
誺ɣ崦֮£ߵȴ·ֱӴ͸һУֱضǣ¶һĨЦеҹӰٻѪΪԻΪ֮ޡ
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СĶԸҸƳ󷨣Ҳվĵɫأս֣˵
С£ɣصͷóԼĳս



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ȻԼ׼ħ壡̶ʱһ䡣
ʩչʱбƣκιᱻգһ󷨹Ҳά̫á
Ȼߵȴȴ֮ǰĲͬħ׼󷨡
ٻ󷨵˲֮ǰħйףԹ죬ħҪĻǡ
Ϊ˰ǰԸ׵Ķħ᲻ϧһа
󷨣ֻҪһֱУǾκβҲɱԴԴϵĺԹ顣
ֱߵԸɣħĻǡ
˽֮ʱվͻȻһ
İħ弸ν֣߹ǣħ׼ǿ󣬵Ҳ޵еġ
һʩѪҵ۲ƻƣά̫ҲǼ£׾ҵ
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žѪ󷨵Ĺâ˼֣վųʤ׷һƻ󷨵ϡ
󷨵ĹâɢԹҲ֮ʧ
ܷɣѪ̱ڵء
誳ǰһϣ㵽׸ʲô
Ȼߣȴûɣ֪Զֹڴˡ
ȻȴЦɭ׵մѪͬԵĶħܿͻή䣬һۻహ࣬һƬͣ
˵꣬߳˲עϳһذףݺݵزԼࡣ
˷ӦֻĿ
˵òǸɣĿ۾ֻһɾ֮ӽŵ״ͷ
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ȫһȥ誼ͼأЩȴͬľżһûзӦֻ˫񣬱͵ǰš
誼ûа취ֻܸϣȴߵķʮ졣
ǾɽԶԶɽϵʯ̲סһ
Ѫ֮µĺɫУȻڷϷ
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ԷֻһУȴǼƴȫ޷ֿġ
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75 ᲻һڣ
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Ȼһ̣ʯȻһǿҵĽɫâ
Źâ˸һɢ߲ʹâĶ֡
ղԭʧס˶Уֻоһǿӿڡ
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һлָ˿̱˵ϡ
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ˣɣʱ໹ڲֽŶЩ飬һ뵽ղǾֵЩѡ
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誡
״ЦŽΧϰ̫࣬ȫʦһʹȸ𾻻Ҳ̫ʱ䣬ǽ˾ۼ󷨰γħٽʦͳһ
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課˾õȣֻܷȥķ䡣
ɣѾ׼ҩĺһ֮ǰ¯



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΢΢ףһŬԼֵֻΰѿأ
Ҫ»֮ҲҪᣬҩĳֽڵĻᣬвɴ͹ܴ
ȵ֮һҩҲ໥ִ˺ڣʵӴʹǳںΪһ壬ʶָɣ忴ζ˵
׵ĵͷҲлֻǰ˲ÿ̫ࡣ
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ҩҺ䵱ճϼȻΥͣҩųں֮֮ڵ¯ҩŷֳɾȴСԲ
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ɣ屻ĶûֻһɵӿͷʶԴݹҲҧסϸ




79 ô
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ʮ˻ƣ˵ʱɤҲЩʹֻʱѾЩܣĿ誡
˻ƵЩۣΪĲζоѹ
ϲŽ͵ΪûôѣȥŪ˵Եġ
ѾˣһвӡԺУǲܵģҲ֮Ҫһ
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ϵͳԼף誵ûһʼãȻֻǿ淴ʣأһ˲䣬ʲô
Ҫ㡣ɣ岻ǶӣҲ֪ԣԲû
ҧҧһʼܾ㷳ˣųߵ츳ȴúҪһЩʱҪСҲ֪
Ҳ֪ʱӰ
ÿοգĶιֵǲǼٵġ
ദ࣬Ҳ˽˶ԷΪˣ¸Ҽ㣬ҪǣƯᣬʱ޿̲ڱ
ͼָоⶫһѿơ
ԽԽЩ׽ѽãֻ뵥ռߡ
ҹھɽϣ֮ƿΣա
ʱһ˲䣬Ϊ⣬ֻĶˣһ㣬ֻ޲һȥᡣ
誾ĻԺҲʶһĻĻʼǸħСŮٵˮｫԼ
ʶڣһֱΪԷЩԼȴû뵽ôƽƽԼȻ˴СС
һ˲䣬Ǿϲã
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ɣȴٹķӦϾΪڴС㣬˷˵ЩѾù
֪⻰мֱȵζֱ߻ش̣侲˵ˣ˯һ
һʼˣҲ绰ЩԹŮһȥధأ課ûߣȻٷ뿪
ôģڸԸͬһͳԼ⣬ϲҪ
課û뷨ֻǻͻȻŮѵľϲУоԴЩκġ
ҪϢæʰһꡣ
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ƺһ̧۾ײ繵˫УͻȻĶ˶Щ̫ڣ˼Ķű˴Цһ¡
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ļ뵽調Լ°͵ӣͻȻҲһڡ
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ҡҡͷ͵ǵģЩʱһСľΪһЩԭܵţص֮һֱجΣǸо־塣
Ȼ󶮵ĳͻȥջ꣬ϸȻڻԱգ󼦵ը˴󺰶Է֣˵ĳĳؼˣȻͺˡ
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鲻ǸЩȻԩ޳𣬵ҲǵĶʺ޷߷֮ġ
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վźأ״ģɺˣҵһμ誣Ǹ誹˶ҩé
ʱҲСһű˲ҪĻҾͼȥˣǰʱرңҸժĹӶҳأ
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83 ϲ͵ְ
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һſұߵɣ誣ٵ硣
ܹë׵誺վ֮䣬վԱ̣˻Сֹ
誺ɣ壬򰵴֣˴˵ڵļ¶ͽš



84 
ҹԽԽվź̲֪˯ˣǰߵһȻֱӴ˺ߵϡ
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Ѿ˴÷ֽסйȻʹó֮飬Υڤ֮·
˫һһɫžй´򿪡
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ѧĹ̵İ޹գգۣҲụ̂ϵͳû˵ûڤʹ
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Ҳ˼ĵͷҲûԭˣǸҲʮֲͬѰС誣ʦͦ



85 ڤŮ
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Сʲôи˭˭課Ҳǰ誣ԼԸ⣬˭ܰ·ƤɣվĻ̲ס˹ȥ



86 õѽ
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һèĺСԺɨɾ誺ɣͿʼõҩݡ
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87 ŶӴ
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á
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88 ڵ
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ڶϣ𴲺ܹؿռһ¶Ȼվһš
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վһҪΪ־ҵɽҵɽԼѰطҾϰ⣡



89 á
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վʶôãȻֵ֪ȫǼ⣬Ȱ誣Ҳô⣬ǰ߶ûǮ㣬ڲһˡ
Ҫһˣ߶Ҳ߻ģЩţԺǼϴˣ
⻰ǼٵģҪǷǰҪɢǶ֪ȥҶԷ
ڲһ˰
ǾǣܹɵͷͣȻǽҪĵط
ҲȰ˵ֻݸһЦһָǧãҲð㻨ǮúãǽʱҲ㡣
õκõΣ㻨ǮվŵȻ߲ܣϾҲһʱˣ֪ûǮ粽С
ΪѡʵסַɽתһȦվźɣҲûѡ˸Կеĵط
طԶǶķ羰ȴȻͬվϲɽˮĵطѡڶǰ棬򿪴ܿɽٲ
ɣϲҰĻҲǰɽϣžܿɽµĺ
ߵطףɽҲԶ
طñǣȻѡͼֽϵӵص㣬޸䳡λá
޸ͼֽ̲סޣû뵽㻹һ֣žš
ȴıʣʵأҿ
誰ѱʵݸЦ˵̿ʣѡõ֦̿ˣľİסͲˡ
ͦģдֲСɡԵ˵ͷ˵
ѡõطֻ˳һҿűȽϴľ¥
վŵһ㣬һھ˳óԣ簢ġ
֭誼״ָһ鼦⣬ȻɣϲѼ⡣
ҲվżһزˣɽҲԣһɻƹζ
վųһڣƤִڲȻһըƹϣŹֵζʱһⲻըƹ𣿡
調һۣҲһԣȻһѾĿ˿̲ˡ
Ǹ˲š
ɫ¥ȻҲٲɫ誳Ҳʮϲ
ȻмˣʵһѾ
Ա㣬ִӾ¥һ·ϣ誶ںϵͳֿ׬Ǯ⡣
뿪ϵͳ˵ûǸʱ䡣
һЩԡ¶ԼױƷҵϵͳ˵̫һҵŮˡ
뿪決꣬ϵͳȻ˵ԣ˵Ӧ׬ʲôǮ
˵˵ȥֳҹ档
ϵͳԼĲˣ[밡ִ֪ʶһҹֳôޡ˻ӽ붼̼
һ֮ȥĵһ֪һϹǾǮѾʮ飬޲ܱθȥһ
Ժһ뷨ĳһڹŴҹ
ǹϵͳֲЩ׬Ǯϵͳռ¾͹æˣǸʱ䡣
Ҫ취׬ǮɲǸǰĴû
²ʱͷߣֶϵͳĵµ֪[Ҳ˵ѹƣҪǣһжˣҿҹ𣿣
ҹҲʲôҵȻҹһҵʮ׬Ǯǽ϶ڸġ



90 ôİ
ȻȷʵĶ뵽Ůѵݣ誻Щԥ
ϵͳΪ⣺[ʲôƷˡ
˵ˣǺҹֲ¥ԺֻһȾֵĵطѡ
ִϼҴһȥѵ𣿣
誶շ˸ۣ[Ҫ֪㲻¥ԺҹɫҲˣȥҲɫ
ֲûȥִľưɣȻͦϲַΧҲ֪һЩ˵ӡ϶á
ϵͳ̬ɶǼٽĹĶ
ɣ弸˼һ˼һʱʱü·ʲô˽ս˼붷Ҳû
ЩԾԾԵϵͳĺҲĶ
ҲûǴȥɣһ£ͬĻ滮
عŷɫ״ƯĻ֮С
ɣĿʵʲôأˣ
ʱˣҪһ¡誻һЦס֡
վ̶ʱЦЦԱƵ̯λѡ˼ƯĻƸǮȻ͸ǡ
ллʦ㡣
ллʦ㡣
лл㡣
лл
˽ӹƿĵлȻһŵ档
Żƣ澫µͼ˼ȴڸոյ뷨ϡ
ţ˺ӱߡˮƮƣŮӺͿӶڶŻԸ߸ǹɫʽĻƣӳˮ棬ƻá
߻вٺӣź״״뻨ƣڻϷ
صĴȺһ߿Żһ˵Ц
õĻ棬̲ס˵˼̻ġ
ѽãϿɵĵͷ
ʱݵһĻɫҹըѤĽɫ̻˿׷ֽкãҲԽ˷ܡ
վҲĵӣ̴Ⱥ䣬ȥҷ̻ľλá
Ҳɫܹһˣ誺ɣ¶Ŀռ䡣
̻ջƵĳЩֲ嵽ı߸һЩ
ԡɣҲͷվԱһ̧ͷյ̻
תͷĲ紵ں˳ķ˿
Ϊ˿ãĿڣ϶ûôԷôö˰ɣ
ɣҡҡͷǾеˡ
ȻƯǿһ۾͹ˡ
ȻȥɡҲǶమˣ˵ģҲ˵
šɣ˵ͷ
صסСԺóͼֽʼݽṹͼ
ôİһרעӣɣ˱˵
ЦЦЩģַ̿ס˵Ȼĵط
ô˵ɣҲðɣɵŪһ㣬ҿɲᣬȥˡ
á誴Ӧһȥæ𻭱ʡ
ʱ䲻̫࣬ҪһУȰѷʵãŲίĴС㣬ȥҲǣҡ
ڶ죬ڼ֮ǰͳˣרŸ˸Ƿӵһˣֱȥ
Ϻڳʮ꣬һֱŸ˸ǷǾ¥Ĺ誵Ҳظ֤ģһʮ꣬Իģ
΢΢һЦʦҿ϶ģҪҪ
˵óͼֽ
ⱾΪֻǹ츴Щȴû뵽Լѹûķӣʱ⡭ͷһҲûӣƽƽݶι𣿡
ģֻҪػȣ¡ЦЦ˵
Щ뵽ôĹҲ᲻þ֮⣬ҧӦãⷿӱ˵ûǶ˼ͷһŬǺá
誵˵ͷóһӷǰ֮⣬ϣܶЩ˾깤Ǯ⡣
áôǮҲٴδƱȻַ
֪ȻǶʮļëɽʱɫһҪܾͷӲ㣬ǵط
誼״˵ʦģѾˣʿ
Զʱһ㶣ĹЩţּû뵽гһգȻʿȥݸǷ
͵СѾ̲ס̬ȱǰ˲٣úãҵʱ䣬һҾʹ˹ȥ
˵뵽ʲôשͷƬأԼ׼һȥ
ҡҡͷǰ̫ʱ䣬ֱӴҪĹ߹ȥͺãʱ©˶ڰɽ㡣
õĺõġֺĴӦ
課֪ǣź󲻾ãʹ׼õվҲˡ
ǵĿĵǵĳңﲻûʿΪôѣΪĳ־Ҳǡ
ţʮ־ȣҲֱ룬ǻ︽ס顣
Ļʮ⣬ʵʱ͸оˡ
ֻΪȷԷĿģһֱΪֻƻ·ѡ



91 ˹
ǵļϻʮֿĵģϾиǵİȫҲбϡ
⼸òʵ׵Ůޣûа֮⣬Ҳûз˼
ЩһžڳĵӣҲĶԷԼλá
վЦ˵Ϊ˻ӭλ룬ҹڳϯλҪ
òһЦҲ񣺡̧ˣǶ׼ʱԼ
䣬¾ʹˡ
·ϣվЩʵססˣΪʲôҪ˵ҲǺҪҲͬ⣬ǼΧܸˡ
֪ʦ⣬͵һ֮Ȼѡ仧ôԺھˣһһõأ
ðɡվŻǾ鷳Ҳ֪ôôĵҲΪǺá
һߣһ·ڲɳשͷƬЩ֮ռ䣬˵طóͺˡ
ûиֽˮ࣬ľͷе󲿷ֵǽõҲʯҷۣŴʯҽǺιõĲϡ
ֻûôѡ
ľͷ誴ֱɽ￳ɽ￴һƬľ֣ľӲ͸;ãٺʲĽϡ
ͬʱҲðѵʱʲô
ԺɣҲ㴢ռĶĿռҩķ·ΣǶѻڽƱв֪ٵʯ
뵽˵һǿռȪ˲ϵȺеʯ
ߣ궫ȥľߵ˴ҾߣָһʶŴ˲ͻȥ
صңڴɣ壬鲻Խ¶һЦݣæء
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ԤԼ߽שͷɳӣ˴˼Ҿߡʵ㱨ϵ٣һƨɣߡ
˵ҩζ̲סִսһЩ
ôһȥЩɣ˵
̫ˣ㻹ϢԾûг㣬ʲô¡ЦЦش
ҹǶͬȻûЩʲôĵϢҲһ
˭иϵͳأ
ϵͳΪæüռ£ɲʹߴ
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ã調Ӷʱһ̲סչȥ°͡
棬課֪绹վȥ˳оʧ誸м˵ʦ㿼ܵ
С¶ѡһЦĻش
磬ûʲôļæµæµ
ĵңһװ¡صȥ˳
ѾɨһȺţ˿Щò绨ŮʿĽʣ˵˼㣬Ϊ˵õŮʿһλȻʷǷ
ˡվŲƽʣɣ岻мʣֻǰ
ƯվûеļʣֻǺʵ
ʱĸаĻʱʧЦλﶼ˭˼᲻޼䡣
뵽֮ǰһЩ£վЩĿԷޣжӰɣỹһɣҸ㣬ǿɲҪ㵱ýˣ˹
û뵽ô˵Цݶʱϣ漴ε˵ĳ޶ֻһеĹŮλġ
ŶŶǾͺáûжӣվŶʱ
誼ǿЦǵСҲ̫ɰ˰ɣ
˱ԱЩģֻһͽʿΣֻܳٵЦš
誺磬⼸˶ûע⵽㡣
ֻǳд磬Գ˳ûϵɽ亣ζʤ֤ԷӶȡ
ż˾ٱ̬ǫ񣺡ӭλѿڴ˳ӣκҪ뾡ܿڡ
Ȼˣа޷ӦԣϣλҲԮ֡
ʾ£ҲƱĿڣˣӦõġ
ǴӦҲĵͷеľһӦ֮ü˳ԺúȺá
課ǺϲȾƣ˵ϲַΧºȾƣȥ͸оЩˡ
ǵƻῪʼʱ򣬳żȥߵ͵ƣȼ̻
ʱһٵͷͻȻָŸ¥ߴ誶ߵͬ˵Ǹûƭǣʿǿͳһôܻƭң
ͷ誽ϵ⣬ԭģȥֵµĹ˺Ͳݴһȥɻ
û뵽һëɽˣĶԷǼëɽƭȥɱ
ߵһ˳ָķȥͿһòɫ˲ƯŮˣȻͳʶ



92 廹䣿
ɣע⵽Щ˵Ķʱüͷһ岻õĶ˵ڶָָ㡣
˳õĿ⿴˹ȥͿͼͲˣЦЦŶɣ˵Ǿҵ߽ء
ɣԵ˵ͷüͷɿ
ԷǵͷҲ˿ż˵û˼һǴкأǻô꣬ѵƭǲɣ
ǣʲôʱȥҪҪ˰һͺ࣬°˵ͷҲڷģʵ
˵˵Ļͽϰɣɹ˵Ҫ죬ʱһ㡣
УһȥʡȻԷƭӣҲƭȥɱĶˣôǮ׬˭᲻ԸⰡ
ƻȥ誾Ͱϵͳ뿪ҹ뷨ɣ壬ɣһֿʼü誼״æͣ
ǺȾǲĵط֡ҲŮӳȣǾǿȱȣҲģҪǾˮʲôġ
Ȼˣֻһ뷨㲻ͬǾֻһׯҲһɹģ
Ľͣɣ廹ЩŹֵĿһ㣬誣ҹͶͱ᲻ܣ
ôܣҲϣһ˵ҵһ˾ҪһӵģΥҵԭ򣬾ܷ
ֻʵһЩ뷨
뷨Ҳϵͳô棬ֻǿһưɶѡ
һԺһٵ˼ãҪгԵĺȵĸָС˾ס档
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ӦҲЩģĵͷ˵ǱģҲϰѽ
ߡҵҪ˵Ĳҹжϡ棡ɣ屧ֱۣһֺӡ
ǵʱҵĴСҰѹˣҲһֺõӣû˵͵һڡ
ϵͳڿҹʮֿأҹȥϵͳǱ޶ë
課֪ЩȴһǶˣһȥ˼ëɽ
·ϣŸëɽϾȷʵҶԼ˼ãǾͽĽɽ
ζʵĽ壿Ľ䣿
̹һЦҲŴȤûҲ尡
վҲЦǴСɣĽϲϲС㣬Կ϶Ľ忩
˱Це㲻˼ǣŵ̲סյø
ëɽŷǾȻˡ
ʮˣվż̲ס˳ǣǰżʵǳԷ𣿡
˻ǵһ˽ӴʿԷϵЩ£Сش𣺡֮ǰԹˡ
誵˵ͷӿռó߲˺⣬ԼһЩ߸ǣŪЩ԰ɣԱ˲ȰˮӹԶСӡ
ǱһƬľ֣극˰ľͷȿ
֪ʦ⿴һ־ͱôණһʱӹ
ˣȥ˿޴ʯĽɽֿȥȻܹʯͷɽ¡
ֽ˶ͥôҲûһ꣬Ǽ򵥵˷һ⳴ԡ
誼ɽֹ滮
誻ҪһׯҲӸȤ
ż๤ܹѾľֿʼצӿľͷˡ
ȹ˹ôֻҰޣʱŵ
ܹǣ˵Ҽ๤ԺǾָˡ
ǡȻ˵һȺ˸ʵ
õľͷϾãҪɣܹ˵Сһ׮΢ʩľͷϱˡ
ҲʮԾڵڣֱȥǾׯ顣
Ҫ๤ˣҪ˸󷹣ͣĻسﰲš
һݱĽУ鰲źõֿʼվѵŶѧϰҩԵӡ
УǸһʲô֣誶ȥ
תһ¹ȥȻӣҲǵ¼Ѿá
ڹҹԼյĸϹ£ԭֲïܵɽֱһׯ԰
ׯ԰ܱǽΧǰһС
Ľʮֶأں˹ŵִԪأ
ݶ¶ֲ̨ӺݻĽɫĵڷżΣϸһָ߹ŵĸо
⼸ԺǴŷլԺվŵ¥һСԺǽߴ¡
븴Сİ䣬ǰһ
С·쵽ɽŵĺžţſͤ߻ʱϢĳ¥
ȻӵĲ֣ڼڷŻƿɣ壬ĹȻ
վŴ⼸¥¶̨´誣дСһݲ谡羰ã
áݸһЦ߽ߵɣߡ
ׯҲ깤ˣʲôʱʼɣһ߰ԼİĻƿڷڼϣһ˵
æ꣬ǣס¥ȥЩεĻشǸǷԭЩƣС˵˲ģҪ͹ȥץС



93 óԵĺ͡
ϵͳľƷӲִֹЩ۾ˮę́ʲôģһЩλ
ͨľˮѾǰ׼÷͡
Щ𣬻ҹûиһǿġ
ؼǣǷӸǾׯڳﱸĳأѾĿǰлֻʣµ
ֵһǣץһͬ࣬һֻһǵСèȻмõ츳
ЩֻԾˣȹٸһʱ䣬ͿԽָˡ
֮⣬ѵװޡáܼҲûô򵥣֮ɡ
ϵͳʱҲήˣԭΪܼ򵥣Ĳû뵽ô࣬ǵĴҵ
¥վźѾպ̿裬ѾǶĩֵʱ
ǱȽϿߣѮѩ
ȻΪʿûô䣬ʹȡů˭ҲܾһڵĲˮĿعϿס
Ȼ課µĺ׼һվžͶ˵誣ҪԿعϣ
ʱæŸǷûճȥɹûϵ調ռʲôС
ʦãȲ衣Ҳɣ˵
áͬʱڣһߵվǱߣһߵǰ
Žпգ課ó׺͵عͷóʳĴһտ
ŷŵϵϸɸɾĵعףվžС죺誣ǰҺ͹ףֱӷڻģ
ʱˣһѴЦŴȤóԵĺ˳Եģһ𣿡
εЦЦҲֻ֮ǰٲ֣ûտҲû˴տˡ
Ҳûнֻͣóһӣܿǩûô죬һæɡ
Ҫʲô̼״ߣ˹ȥ紵̲ס˸
⴩һ͹ˣҲԺȵ߲һ𴩣ȥռĥϡ誽ͽ˿ռ䡣
Ȼϸ桢֥ȰŪͿʼСɳļ֡
κۣҲǹŴζζͬȻһСʯĥĥɷۡ
֮տˢ㹽һ׼뿪ռ䣬վżҲʳ׼ˡ
˱ǵտζɣҲˣһ̿Աߡ
ſվԱ߼ͣ㣡ƽʱԵĿ⻹㣡ã
⻹ԣϡ棡ҲŹӵͷ˵
ЦŰѿָСǣˣȳζҪǲٻϡ
Ŷ㣬ſ϶ûģ̽ӹһһصЦ˵
һڴƤļ⴮ϸϸƷ۵ۣζ
ɣҲϿɵĵͷ
óԺóԣ誶࿾һ㣡վģΪЩ죬һ߹һȲ˵
áݸһЦ
ٵܹһͳ⣬ɣôȴԼûһڣǶ˶٣ûĿĢݹȥ
ĿĢ誶һ£漴¶һõЦݣá
ƷζĿĢҲʮģǾɰĢζܻһ㡣
ǴСѽվſ޼ӣ̲ס̾һ䡣
ǿɲ˼ˣһ𣿡ǩϵտҲ˵һ䡣
һѾȤϰߵѾϰˣ֮ǰе㲻˼Ѿǰ˷粻ˡ
̿誵ĶֻˢȻȵķҲһС˵ҲҲԣ
ҲӦִһѴݸվţѽ⿾տϿЬӶóԣԡ
վźߺֺˣЬôԳԣ
̹һЦ˵Թ
ɣԱߣֱִùˢ͵ĿҲСëˢ˹ĸļˢ͡
̿һЩӵַһûõ
ϻ̿һݻȥȻҪ˸ӣһտͺˡ
վż״ĿˢһַŵµտϣǼеְѴҶЦ
ڴֵľտۻʱһԲɣЦ˵ĳʱ򡣡
վźתͷȥͿ־żĸ¥
誵ûоȣΪǿӵʱϵͳ͸ˡ
¥¥һһڼʱѴŹˣԶԷֻܴ¥
ˡ˶ʱ񣬳ĸҲ
λСѲؿ΢̧֣Цĳˡ
Ҳ˵ˣĻɣʲôԵġ



94 ȥ
źܲȻؿڸ֮Ҳζްϡ
վŪ˸óԼԼⶼһģ𿾽˾ͺãҼҰտϿˣЬӶóԣ
ǡĸû뵽Ȼӵǡô⡣
ˣǽӹ調õĿ˳ζָ˱Լȵơ
һڿһھƣʱ̲а
ֳ֮ŵ⣺׼ķӣǴЩ𣿡
ǳȽϿĽֵΪǱߵƸߣûʲô˾ס誻Ǯڶ졣
ǵġ誵˵ͷû
˵ͷ˵ǻµһūͲŮ֪ﻹ費Ҫ֣
ãȻɣ򿪿ʵж٣һǮ
Щ죬Ϊƺ֪ū
ǼһŮʻҲشūʮһʮŮʮĸʮ
ūˣȥв׽Ƿ˴½ϵū
еΪ֮սҲеΪᣬǵȺˣͻᱻǿ߷½ϡ
ŮΪвм˳ЩΪЩΪֽŻӳ⡣
ŮһȽϿȥ򱻴ĥ򱻵ҩ˻޵
Щūÿ궼רŵˣ͵СѰңһ·Ϲ֪˶١
Ů˵ūϾͨ˼ңǿ˺۵ЩĲ̡
뵽ҪôĵطҲҪˣ誣ܱ޺á
һߣҲϵͳĽ֪˲Ůū˵£ɣѾǮҪˣͷ˰͹
ôˬ죬Ҳ˿Уȡ
誰ѿõĿֵݹȥƵ飬ͷ˵һģǲѹЩԸġ
ӹζ˵ǻžУūūҲ̫ʴˡ
Ȼĵͷ
տԵòˣȥæµܲһ֮;˳Լտɣ
ĵ߹£ϿռֳɵĲƷûãʮһ׼ˣЩĸҲһ
һʼʮ־н־һ㣬ǻǷ׷ܹкǣҲǣҶԵ㡣
áֻ̬䣬ȴһӣļ¶ʱˡ
ҲһûԹζͣǲǴ㿪¥뵽ҲǺǾʹͷ
߳Ҳ磬ΪȵĸҲһٶͣ޺ӡū
żβ毺õˣŮӣܹǰŵׯԱߵĲֿ⡣
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ΪӲὫΣ˭֪᲻ҧ
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ǰСŻչһңĹˣ֮Щ³Ҳҡ
мҲܻأ޴ȥõ˽Ϊû˽ɣҲûһ֮ѡ»صЩط
ϵͳʼĴȥЩΪ潵¥Щһѡ
ɣΪȥ˲᷸ɵûټŲţһƨʵô죿
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ǾϰˡɵҲû䴽һЦȥ
ԴǴ֮Ȼ˵һ𣬵ǵҲûٷϵ
ֻսദиԽƽʱһԲϵٲ˵ġ
Ƕһ뷨ٵһˮȻȻ



95 
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ôԶվһ
еӣվµм·ǱԭͰͬ鿴ɣһ̵ϣ誷򣡡
Ҳʮ
һ䣬һವһգ۲
ʲôСôżҪȥ̼״Ҳзȥܹһһè
һ˵ȿЩūӦúܿͻˡ
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˸˲ݱƳĵҩɣ˸Ǹʯ
ٹ˶Ҳܵˡ
һߣ誺ɣվŵĴºܿ˱ֵĴӡ
ȻѾܿˣǴҲѾ˹׶೤׶ߵľ޴̲סľ
ﻹŰھ׽ôҪ磬ϵͳҲܲ׽Ĵڡ
ɣվŵһʱ俪ʼɢʧİգ˴
ͭС۾ݺݵص誣һɸϢ
ҲΪԵʣԭ⻬ıȻһīɫƬƬӲޱȣ誵ɽ澹Ȼֻһ׺ۡ
֫Сȴ׳ޱȣβһִıӣ˦ź誳
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ʱӴ⹥žҸζĸʴҺʹôβͺɨȥ
ٴαܿͬʱעǿһľβնϡ
ʹһŭ𣬾޴ſͼҧס誡ɣ忴ľҪ־Ϳʹ
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صȻӣѯʲôˣ
һֻرҲܴ󣬻ʴء̸͵
ȥʱѾʼˣҺû㼰ʱûɾ޴ʧ뵽ǿֲӣվžϿҪجˡ
ֶ˵誣ǰѽˣµĽˡ
֮ǰĹôɽǰ誾᲻ã˵ʲô֮ǰõ˳ˣºˣΪƷֱ̫ӷˡ
ѽ誵ͷóһʥƷɽ᲻ãҲԼʵ΢±˵ǡ
ͺñһСһɫñĴҡٷְҪİ
ɣ֪˼Ҳ֪иõһɽ
Ҳûڴἰ˵Ʒ֮ϵɽɽͨʹҲӷ㡣
κҲͨƷʥƷƷƷƷ
ҩҲһͨƷʥƷƷƷ
ٴӳɫҩԷΪȼû
ĿǰΪֹҲſƷҩҳɹʻ͡
֪ˡ誵ͷѳǰؼӡ
ɽѪͨԼ֮а󶨡
Լɣһɽɶ֮ǰʹͨɽҪʹ
ڴľˣ誻Ǵˣ֮ͬǰǿһ
ڿռϵͳаš
ҪȥҲȥһߣϷţܹң˾˵Цϴȥ
ھܹ󣬵޵ľʮֵǮˡ
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ֻһʱģȥ˾ͲûǮûҪȥǷ顣
ȻǴܶԴҲףǮծ׻ծѳ
ִҲһֱôģȻ˵飬̺ͰְҲ⣬ȷʵҲ˺ܶ಻Ҫ鷳



96ôСܲһһ
뵽ô죬ֲɹ˴͡
ŹȻĸţͬǱһ˶ĽѾΡ
ǹֺǺǵĹкˡ
ţæǵģùǡ調ĵͷ˵
õģ⡣ҲЦŻشȻְһͰɳӽȥ
ټĳأվҲ˵طô󣬵ʱ϶֡
ɲλأҲͶǮֻѣȴҪɷֺ졣
誵˼ҹɣռɣɣɸСţʦ㣬ѡ
ǶҪ˵ֻطģٿܾͲķֻˡ
ϸṹĽŵȵҵһҪ뼸λѹ
誣ֻ˴ĵط̲סһ
һ誽ϼִظ
صȻӣù˴һľƵԡ䣬ȻֻׯĵطǸǷ
ͨ򵥵Ӹܿ죬誼״ֺɣһȥ˲ֿ⡣
ɫֵ̿Ĺޡֻɫݵūϸȥ
㡢㡢Ƕվ
誵Ķ࣬϶ԵȱݣһŮұ߶ͷһס۾ĺɫ̥ǡ
һ˫ȸߵͲ룬һֳּצģġ
һһ˰̺ۡ
˱˳׷׺µ壬Ƕ֪òŮ˾ǵˣǻʱ
誰ǽг֮ȺпãȻֽг
ѡĲˣ課˵ȸߡ
ʱһɫβɫͷŮζĿڣǺǣҪιˣ˽Сǲֻܲһһ
˻һ誵ĲŮʱмᡣ
ɫūɣʱͷѹĿڣ޶ⲻȤǸϲ㣬ٶ죬϶֮һԵġ
׶ǵūǿѹѹô϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
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ЩҲѾɹҩˣʵ𣿡
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Ҳ˻ϲ˳ūᡣ
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ʱήŮҲ˹⣬˸⣬׺͡
˵˵ţȻҲ̲סֻǱͷļ֮ˣεºܡ
վ誵ݶԶԶһĻ̲סҡҡͷ
ǱҵĿ֮ˡ
ڶ죬誾ͿʼŮѧϰƣΪˣֻǿżǺ̡
ԺָҹҪͨˮ졣
ЩƣҪӳ֣һֻСèһ졣
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ƽʱԱ˯þƣΪȥ͵Ʊ׷Ŵ򣬻ܹĸĸ
˵Ǳץģ˵ԼԼץģϾаȫĵطϲ£ֶΪأ
æµ誴һȺʺƵŮǽܹĵ죬ɣҲûţһһ߶誡
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97 
ɣķڣŽ뵽ԼǺ˵ˣæ˵õģǵˡ
ĻҲ뵽֮ǰ˵ӵ£򶨵ĵͷԭ
⣬վź缸Ҳɫصſڣ誺ɣ״ֺ˵һ
վƲƲ죬ý治ףô˵ѽһΪǿˡ
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ʱһźɫϴɫߣҹɫ¿εӰ˵ߡ
ɣǰִż𾴵Ŀڣ̡
˰εͷñ¶һصŵӣɣȻһЦСþò
Ů˿ͲСƣֳһ²ɣĴ뵭ʮֳڡ
ϵͳѾԺ﷢[ʥ׾ǵǿߣС㾹Ȼ㿴ӣðĽϵͳˣ
ϵͳıݲȵǰ񣺡誼ǰ
Ҳæ񣺡ǰ
Ϊ̵Ůϸ誣Ŷ΢΢ףضСѣҹ̾ǡ
лл̡̬ͬȶʮ𾴡
ɣԹ̵̬Ȳ磬ֻϢһ
ѾҹһָԻطﲢûס
ΪɣҲûסãǾܹһŵĿԺ
ûлԼķ䣬Ǹȥķ䣺ԭĸ׵Ѿߣ㲻ú׽һҪҡ
ĸ״Сһ𳤴Ѿߣĸ״ãŻôߵΪ
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áûк˵ﻰˡ
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ȥϻµˮٴΰӵһһֱ㣬ѹҪ˵ĵҪһӽ󣬲һ˹µˡ
šɣرƽ顣
ڶ죬誼ãȥ˾ׯ
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¾ׯһ߸ƽѣİ׵ģŨģ𶼷ֿá
ĿǰΪֹȻֿܹ࣬ζ׾ƵڶȻǸְ׾ơ
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ǰ誺ɣ廹ȥطʳŹæģռҲ誾ģ˸С׵ԭϡ
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ͬľķʽ̶ͬиζľҲǴ׷ͺֱӺȵ׾ƾһ֡
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98 ᲻̫ˣ
˱е¥Ҳˡ
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ֳ֮֮ĸҡ
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ֻ˵һнʱ䡣
óζĿ׾ƣÿε˰˱ЩǴľˮҶܸܲ
ܹҲУʱƣû뵽ͨʳľˮҲô㡣
ǰڻһǿĴڣֻŵȶ
Ϊʵǿǰıǳһڣ˫ϸϸζȻϿɵĵͷڴϸ壬
˵꣬һ
ǵڶһȥ˶˼֣û뵽гһգҾȻһƣ
ĵı˼ߵۡ
꣬˲ȲƱ뿴ǲô档
һȥվŶʱ۾ˣú
誳ɣ強˼ۣݸһЦ
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˵꣬ȻӦԼ˵ˡ
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Ҳڻ͹Ž˵ɽֺأȻطϢɡ
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Ҫ衢ȾơϾϲ˵ķԱԼĦơл޿˵档
¶ˣֽ͵˵ȻҿҹҲ³ǾǿѹЩ飬׬ǮҲ֣ģ
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ֿЩŮӣҲõĽ޴ȥʱ޵ˣǿѡȥȥĵطҲԼ¼УԻصǼСݹ
һ㣬ҵҹͬΪãֻĻӡ
Ը⣬ʮǷ绪ҲڣǮԺԼˣңڣܱȰĹڱϣδĺá
Щʵ˵ģҹǿȵ飬˼ԼԸ⣬ܲȥ˰οɣ
ūˡŮҲδ򶯣뵽ʮػɣĶ̲ס
ǰʱ˵誽ȥι޵ˣ̲ס˵˷У˵ȾͲȣǰȷʵǿ½ǿ߶ȥˣҪ˼Ҫ㡭
û˵꣬ɣĹֱӰѹſڵϡ
ūϷ׷¶𾪵ı飬СĸͼתܣǱѹ֮ڵϡ
課ֻ΢΢һЦ˽ܣҽһ£λṇ̀һλӽ׵ǿߣػǵİȫ
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תһ룬СϵãҲ޿ɺǡ
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΢΢ףԣûȣǵٴ೪ЩвϵҲҪࡣȻҲԺȾơ
˵ֿŮǣǣ衢衢ԱʦЩԼѡǰҪѡʵģȻýܵ䡣
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ɣ忴ķգοʵҲܺã˵ģҶһ¸ֵĸоˣԼ̫ѹ
ţ֪ġȷʵֱۣ˵ﱧ˼
ԴһӾʹˣ˶ô˼
һſգϵĽȸһӾûˡ
֪ɣô˯˹ȥ
˯ţɣŻشϣʱΪæµ˲ٵЩۡ
ΪʲôԼ״ϸõȴҪôƴ



100 ҵ1
ݺݵ˯һֿʼæµѵ飬ȴ¥ĳʼû˹ĦԼôˡ
¥ǶʮСʱӪҵģʽ課ʽת
ǰװࡢϢҹ࣬Ͼ׺ܷġ
¥һѨλͼȿȼ죬Ȼͣȥһ¥óʾһ顣
˺͹ö׷׶岻ѡ
æµ課ûע⵽Ⱥɣľޣֻæһתȥæˡ
赸ԭ¥СȽ̣ǱϾŮǴҲûѧ
ȻʮᣬٿѧϰͷҲȥˡ
ڼкü誱νȥսپ
Ǳվŵ£뷽Ʋ誾ˡ
ΪȻһܷѣҲûˡ
һεأɣһĵһûзܣæҲ׼ͬʱ׼˾ϲ
ʮëѩΧȻӵ￪ĵĹ˸ꡣ
ҹ˺þã극һ˵
ൽʱ֮ǰ誺ɣִɡװСƵĺɢġ
ݵһ̻ҹըѤöʵĹâҫڶϡ
誴ӿռóɫУǾӭ£Ը꣬˳⣬Ŀ֡
֡ɣû뵽ϲͬʱЩԼﾹȻڷˡ
調ЩյģʧЦԼģϣϲ
ҵҪʲôˡԼģɣ廹ΪǾµġ
ֻǴһͿһ主ĵΣԱ߻һ֧ʽʮִƯȸ鲽ҡ
ƯžƯķΣɣһӾϲˣԱߵĲҡҲġ
ϲ޵ӣȸҡҸϡ
ʵ֪ԷӦûϲģĿǰΪֹεֽ䡢黨ûϸ޻
뵽֪Ӧʲô뵽
šҪԼϲҡɣЩ¶
һ֧ĵΣֻźҲǾôôģƺЩ͡
޻˿߲˿쿴ƯһЩһ߽ͣһ߰Ѳҡķ١
ž΢ĵ׺֮ԽģһԺ֮Ȼ
˿߻ɣ忴źĽ巢Σ޷ôôϸС˿ôƯĻεġ
ûϸֻͣ˵㡣
áҪԼɣҲʮĵͷ
ѩԽԽҲӡ
꣬˼ôɵĸϰ
һ¥Ĵ򣬵¥ĵ߹ףٵ¥ĴСƿ˰Ħֵȼɣһжʮ˳
調һбԼԤе˳Ҳʼһƻд
ϣʵʧյдӭ˼ãǼܵλ֮ء
ãľˮҷµ飬صཫǰδеʢ
ʳáרҵʦ⿣ʮСʱϹӦζȣζٵÿһο
滺ãͨѨλ֮ڴ˵Ⱥƣ
ãײСĶԿܸĵķ
ѰƬ黶ֻ֣ҪǮ˼ܸĵķ
ϿֵܽǣֵܽǴǮһܰɣ
̿д꣬ӹһۣ̲סˣûСƽʱԣû뵽ڲôã
ΪʲôҪӴּдǮվҲЩʵ
ҪҪˮ˵ɣ忴дëЩһѾվŵĻ
ŶҿվŻûһܵԱȥþˮ
žʹľʲôһҪǧ˰˵ľȻҲʮ
翴𾪵ЦŽͣǶǮҲ򲻵ģȻһ࣬۸ʵ
ޣԭվظ
۸Żˣٿ棬ǧټʮȫС˼ˡ
֮⣬иֵ˺Լģ۸һٵ֮䣬й׾ơƣ۸Ҳʮֻ㣬ʮһǴͰ
ҾƵļ۸һЩһֱĬձȻ˵
ȴҡҡͷһʵû٣˼ġ
ձҲ˵ʲô
дֿʼдֱ˼
缸˷׷׼ȥпյĹҲһæ
Ȼæ¥ЩǴСȻܾĥȷʵҲѧһ졣
ڻµطҲƣŵԺɣжֹǣκ˶
Ǳ̨㿪ҵһκҵĿ裬ϵͳǿƵǧֹ
課裬ֻǰ赸̸̳¥ĹǣǾȻҲģ
дã誹Ӷ˼ֻǵĴַҲʼ˴ţ
ɣ壬ûѣ԰׵ӽйųˡ
ɣ徹ȻԼˣ˵ҲýͰͣǸҰɣ
ɣ屻ķӦ֣ôܣֻǸߵʳƣõѿģʹӦˡ
˵誵ɫ˵֪ĹǣҲҵĵǣĿǰǵ»ܸߵֻίˡ
誱⻰˵ʮֲôίҪ˵ίҲίҲãŻôǣ壬лл㡣
˵誽ס
ɣĺ󱳣òöɣ忴ϵˣ˵ˣҪǲãôῴ㡣
ΪЦһĵͷţûҲʧ
ҵ죬ʿ͸̲㼷ǽֵ
Ҷϵļʲôľˮͼµ顣
Һóյ룬Ҳάû
ʱ֣־Լ˼棬誺ɣ弸Ҳϲ¡صվſڡ
־߹ȥЦףأϲҵ󼪡
Զʮִֵǰڳûбֳ
ϾּŮū¥ŮΪһĵطʲôõط
ҲЩãȥ𣿡
調ıģֻǵûһЦ˵мλͣͷ롣
־ȻҲʶһ¼˱ЦվһԺ졣
ıҲЩͷˣ׷׽
ʱһ𣺡
һҲʾϽ
ð
⼸־ʱľѣԱߵĳҲ̬ȡ
ٵӰ󻹸źüˣɣӭȥõı죺ô
ɣЩǸĿԼıŮ͵·аһԵˣôң
ǵû˰ɣаɣʶġ
ɣһůȰЦЦ£ʦȥЩʱ䡣
Ǿͺáû£ɣģߵſڣſһź͵
ûгǳΪѳʽҪһУ
ŶΪʣɣûʽЩʵ



101 ҵ2
ͬʱĿⲻĿԱߵ誡
֮ǰŮӣȻʱںŮһΪʱȲѣ㣿
誴ʱʮֽţĶڳάƽģ誼ɣ
ãǰׯȵŮӣɣ͵ĵͷ
ϽڹϵҲɣһģŻĳǱҲӵ˵ֶŮѿĲҹǣȷʵ
ɣһЦ˵òõģԼ˲֪
ֶŮŰõİҲ״ҲЦ˵
ɣЦ˵һǣȻֺԼ׽һ¼ʵףԸ
ɣȻܣЩСһżº
ͬʱԱߵ̨Ҳðһ̡
ȴԵʥŮٰںöΣöŮǻ趯
ǵֱ֦ͬó̬뻮һֳ鶯ԡ
Ŀתؿ̨ϵıݣдž̾𺳡
赸лĻֶ־ˮվǰ˵ÿһ־ˮ۸񰺹ƷҿȳپҪҪȥһ˽һŶ
⻹У˼ùɣκ˶ǿΡ
˵ţԱߵվűһͽʯۡ
ɣ誵Ļ̲ס߿˶ԷһۣȡΪ˼õĵطֶڴ
ΪЩĴڣ˲ΣɣŸףְλǰ˽ȥ
˼ãӭɣ˾ȣΪʲô
ɣȴ͵ֻͨĵůѡ
̻Ի͵Ĵü˲סͷ⻷žģǾˮһ㣬Ҳġ
誰˺ͼλȥõλãõļ־ƺͷʢĳʳ
ֳҲûп˵˸д
ֳԭύû뵽Էͷô󣬸ͲҴǰȥ
棬һƷˮҲ׷׾棬⸻ûʵۣϵļãҲһҧ˽ȥ
һѯʹ;ƵС󣬵֪ҲʮһͰľˮλñȽϿҲ˽ȥ
˾ǰĻǿˣߵˣʣµģɬ
ɣøϿ誣ºڵĸƣλ岮ʦʦǣƣƣǳ
ŶȻƣðǫЩȣű᣺㴿ң̺Ȼƣ
ƺ㰡ԡϽôȤԱİ׾ƹ˲档
һȥ鲻Խ˫ۣηḻ㣬
ʱԱһ˴ҵע⣺ǧǮ
ķԱС㲻ãרΪʿ׼ģͨ˲ԺŶ
Щͨˮа׾ơơкƣٿ
˱º͵̬ŪЩȻڨڨ˻ȥ
һһ˵˼ƿֵƵľƣ߲м˵С˵ǮûǮʲôү
Ҳ⣬һӴ˵˭ûǮ˭أõľƸҶϼƲˣ
ԱԹѡõİ׾ƺͺƣֵƲȻЦ˵õأһǧ
û뵽ôףΪղű˳ǱߵŮ˵һʮǧʱҲƱ
ɣ˼ûջĿ⣬ԱߵľˮӿһۣҲ̫
žƱϵļλʦһһƣһȦ۾Щˡ
ڷԱæϲϾƵʱ̨ĵƹĹķҹ飬ɫɢĹâ
һͬ˾̾ķٴֽкá
СҲűأŷȤȥ̴ôϵСϷ
Ǳкѣм仹һվˡ
赸һһ
ֱķΧֳƽʱƽӹһӸ⶯ˣ鲻Խס֡
СҲзִ磬ڳߣǾȻٴΧϷ
žƾͷҲԽԽ죬ļӹʱ˼ó
Ȼֹͣƹ谵ͬʱһ
û˿ڣһƹ̨ϣյһأĿ׺ݵŮϡ
ŮüëһᣬһѰǰ㿡δͬصƵϣŭ⣺ҿɲǽεεŮеֶΣ
ʱƹһԱһ˵һʮĹȣλΪȫŮԶŮ
ŮûһԣȴΪһʮرĺˮĸӡ
ĸӺ֮ʹ˻УŮŮǵһͣͨĸӵˮֻܺŮ̥赽̥Ȫȡˮ
գһʦͽ·˵أʦͽˣֱǴʦִ֡ԱĸصˣлиղűƵˡ



102 ҵ3
һ߾ֵʦͽˣһ߽ԡ
ɣߣҲĿһ硣
ûѡμ֮Ůռǡ
ȻΪ粢ûĴҲûμǣʡһЩطʡҪͣǾԭò
ɮܾ˵ĹȻµȥֺôŮһ̲ס̣ôԶľ룬˵ǻˤһˤȥˡ
û뵽ⱣƬһӱע⵽һˣɲ
ܾˣ˷׷۲ѣ̲ס˵㣬ΪˣѡҰɣ
ֵӣ˼һܿ㣿һ̲סġ
˲գЦžԼĸ첲ôˣʵ쿸أܿһУ𣿡
ˣˣûйİŵˣվſ˻ʱ¡
ͬʱͷһС鶯ɰСﲻĵĿҲʱ
ɮǾȻȥ˶ϧѣҲΪһǻеֵ
վƵߵߣһƨôоģ誣Ҳϲ¡
ϽСǼԸ񵥴Ҳڰοʮа˾ţһЩͺãϣ鶼һԲֵġ
ɣҲϲ֣ԲǾԲͺˣ
˵ţһָ̨ϣȥɮڵߴŮжʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ɮ˽ӵһ𣬺صĻʹ¡
˶µģǣŵϷɮ뿪ͽ˰ôôһ
ɣߺһֱŲӿҿǲŵʱͲϲ֣Ȼŵģôˣ
ȻʱЩûʲôǿƵĿ誣һҷͺļơ
ûܲЦŻشȻܻ˵ֻĬһ䰢ӷֻǲ֪μǶѡ
⣬Ǵ˻ݣڴҿĿֵʱǿźںĸо϶ղܡ
ǡû뵽ȻֱŮԲ˻
ϵͳҲֱţ
׵ĹһżٵС
źɫƬȹӵģ欵Ů˿첽˳žҵŤ塣
ŮǴ󵨱ŵ赸һ˿ۣȴ׵赸Ůкͼ͡
˷У̲ס͡
赸֮ĸʱΨ˶еֱ֮飬ֱ
ϣ˷ֳԽԽ
Ÿ̨ܵĻࡣ
誺ɣӣġ
㣡ɣֱƿѸӣһûе˳ӡ
壬ûġ
誱죬ίĿվŸȣ
Ȼûƣּ֮ҡһ¡
ѣ誳׺Ȳȥ
ɣЩ㱣ֶԸ˵ͼλ岮ȺȣҺȥʦǱãҲḬ̄
˵ֶڿߵļλʦ˵סĵطȽԶҲ̫ʣҰ˳ѫջᶼȥס
ȥɡɣҲ֪ŮԼǰͦڣȻͬ⡣
ɣߵļλҲĵͷ֪ˣʦĪҪġ
ɣ뿪ıӰλʵ˵ܲܡǰ
ĺܲڰ
ȻɣûǵȥǱߡ
ڲŲລʱ˼õһ¥Ѿ˶¥ϰ䡣
誺ɣߣ˵ӿúֻܽһᣬұ˴ʶһ¾һ
ΪʵЩң誾ֲûһͿɣļ˯˹ȥ
誺˵ɣ廳̲סúõĿҵ󼪣ϰȴǵһ˯ŵġ
誾̫ˡվҲεҡҡͷ
Ժ˵˭ҲŲȣ
վż״һŶˡ
ˣ۸ɣһ£ûĿ߼ˡ
ӵ̵̬ʮ־棬Ҳ֪ڴСġ
֮ǰ涼һ߸ϲ˵ӣôڶôˣ
誾ƾͷŶԼάֹ˹ֱӱ
еصԴϺߺãǶЦҡ
ǵĶϵ˺Զɣʮ־ȡ
ɣŮ߰ʲôʱй͵ʱ
ѣȷʵ൱ˡ



103¿ҵ4
ҹԽԽ˼ȴԽ֣κе㲻֪ϦϦ
ϵļûˣʶȥá
ϵͳˣȴôѣ[ұһ㣡Ҫײǽˣ
Ŷ誴ӦһұһЩȴײһϣʱһ˶Ѳ١
ͷһȻԼƯƯŮѣŮµݣ¶һɵЦôˣ
ɣεĿӻóһöҩȥȶ˲Ҫܡ
˳ӵҩ裬ЩĻش𣺡ûܣ֭ᡣ
ŮѰԼᣬ֭ᣬôƲԵ㶫ܡ
ҪõĶɣзһ˿ůȥ¥ϳ԰ɣȥ¥¥
á誵ͷо˶٣ҩã
Ȼ˯ɳ𣿡ɣεЦЦ漴˵Ⱥ͵˵һ
誵ͷһ߹ȥ߱˵ãѳʮ¥ϵȯѡ¥㳩档
֪ɣͷ
¥ǲ¥ݽŰĦ¥ֳɣ˵ͷˡ
ʮֻȯΪɣ壬Ǹϵ˶һš
¥ƹȴ¥ô˸ۣůϵװʮ£¥µֲͬ¥ϵո
ǳɫĥɰ͸״ڴԱߵϿԿ治ҹ
⸽ؼ˴Ҹ͵ӻ
԰׺źɫɫСƣǰ컹Ǻҹɫʮ
ȫģʽʱҲ˲ֻʳȤĿˡ
ûа䣬ұ̨߰ǸʳḻСʺƬ߲˵ʳ
мһųǰڷĵϣкõˮ
һһʱ֮ڣĶˣԳƤԡ
ǰǲ˷ѣʲôʲô꣬ʳ˷ѳĻֱʮ
һʱ಻٣֮й涨ʱޣΪЩ˻ûʲôޣܽǮֱסڲˣ˯˯˳ԡ
ûȷ涨ͺͷˡ
誺ɣԼ̣Ҫһţ⣬ּһ֭ϲʳȻѡһλҹ
˰ĳŶƾʱԶһһȹӣСԲĹĵŮһС
ñǻô죿Ϊʲôܴߡ
ͬ״ҲȰ˵ˣʱҪˣٳԶƤҪˣϲĻ´θٴ
ôʳܳһʱҲʮֲˣٴ̫ЩһҲ˵
Ůû˵Ŭӣİҡͷ뵽ͱȽϻһ仰С׬Զ
극ȥݽѾƣͳһСַУһϲ˴ɣ嶼˶Էķ
һʼȽϵִ˰ⰴǣ誸ӦܣĦܷ壬ƣͣԾԸ˼ء
ҲʼϰߣΪϰ壬ҪԼȷĦǲǻô⣿
ǻǾԱԣҪעִС
һʼҪ¥Իе飬˵е
ɵùԱԣ֣誸Ĳ
ԱأҲȸˣ
Ҳ뵽֮ǰռŮѱ˵£ɿһֺ˵ȥ̨ɣڿΣͽ̹ˡ
ߡִ򲻹ҡɣ屧ֱۣ뵽Ϸ˴ҲˣֲЩġ
ǸѽҪûָ۸ʲôˣ
¡Ļ̲סЦˡ
ʵҲˣСǶ治һȽ̫ˣʲô鶼Ҫá
¥װͬϵΣǰ˵ǱȽϿյģֻɢСĲʺƨ£һԾ޵ˡ
誺ɣһûʲô˵ӣѡ˳ֵˣɣ͵һ
Ѹײɫѣ˲ɢ۾̨棬Ѱѻ㡣
ɣվһԣ͸š
ҵһʵλ˻ĸһź򣬿ϧԴһ㣬ײԱתȦҲһźͣ
ɣ״Цһߵǰɵһ˽Ų򣬶ˮ˳ѡ
˧˵Ķ̲סơ
ʱһ𣺡̨򣿡
誺ɣͷͿɣλһ˽ǰɣЩ⿴ˣ岮ʦǲˣ
ţȵĲˣ¥Ͽɣͷ˵
ʵɣʱҲһˣǶԳԵĲûжȤֱ¥
ԡɣáĦι޵ȷ񣬻ʲôİѬĸʺͨˣǾûѡ
ð뵽ŰĦ˵滺ùȻһоȫɿˡ
̨򣿡ɣ⣬ҲԵһЦ



104 ԡ´㡭
С򣿡Ͻ߹ȥϵ꣬涼ָ֣Ҳʮ̤ʵ
ɣʾ⹤Ա⣬һԴۿװɽװŮǰʾ
Ų̫˼ø˴С򣬵ǰɣӣ˻Ǿԡ
ȻֻɢҪʱһֽʤĶȻ
Լȥɣ˵¶עǮ䱦ֻҪ룬ʲôԡ
ɣЦ˵ͷһӾðײɢ̨ײ˳ɹĿһҲá
һߣɣҲɣÿΧ̨ǰļӶ̲סкá
ֱǵĿй֮޲
ⳡִЩȥĿ
һȺñ˭ģɣЩͷۣ͸ǰӡ
Ӿֲ誼ɣɫЩƣ۵ʵȥ𣿡
ȥ¥¿ɡɣҡҡͷҵһôֵ£߶Щá
һ¥Ѿ˱ˣСĴ£پƾͷĿŤ塣
е㵯װãQʮͷԲԽԽ۾
Сһ֪ôԼ˿ͬʱҲڿˡ
誣ȥ˯ˡվűֳͷۣǻ˵
ɳ˯ˣ調ǿѵվŵͷˣǻȥ
˵ȥ硣
ʱҲãҪҪȥֻ߲ùǡ
Ҳʵİ˰ָָ֣ɳ˯ŵˣ˼Ѷأ
ǽǲȥ誽ԱǣȻͷվš
·ΣɣסҲȥһ
˷ţվźٺһЦС㰡ѹְôϲ㡣


誾ýڵϷԼһֱӰ˿
ģɣ崽ǿƲסĸ߸
ڳǱԱ߻һСԺӣվͻȥ֮誺ɣҲû˳ŵĴ㡣
ȻΪҩˣ˺ܶˣвʿҲûѺվһڼ
誴վŷɣ忴ŲԶƹ貵˼˵Һõѡĵطûˣôٻôڿ϶ҪӲҶӡ
ţɲߵǰԲ¹ĵ˸ʥ覡
һס֡ɣ΢΢һתͷ誣
ĿԼ·ʱ侲ֹΧ׵ֻʣ±˴˵ĺ
塣ͬɫһˡɣӦ誱㻺ͷסɣĴ
ɣһ㶣˫ۣ˫ֲԾػ誵Ĳ
ƳһǺеļ¶Խӿ׷żǣֵ֧һУͱƫεĸжϲİϮ
ɣ屻Ҷľǵ֫΢ƾڴ˿ӿ壬Խڴˡ
ס誵ļƿһЩŽԵ˫ʱסһקȥ
ŷķ٣Ҳ
뷿ŵ˲䣬Ƶϣ֮ɣ壬Ĵѹ£Žʧ
誺ݺݱסɣ弤ӦŴǵʣĶ
ߴ˵ĴִԽ˷ܣ׵ĳɢŮܰ㣬ʹѡ
ɣȫϸܵǴʹͷƤ飬Ծ誵ĺ󱳡
ҲԽ̰ģ£˵ҧ
šɣһѹֲסӿסգᴭſڣ
誱˵̫УǻһתƵͬá
ɣ岻˵ٴѹǣһֱ봲ϡ
΢ͷӭǣű˴˽⿪ڼ˲䣬˵ͬʱ
ɣ屧ϸ׵ļǣ˫ķᣬ誵ȴ˳ŶԷ⻬ļƸûһ˾̱Լ
ɣ岻Ծļн˫ȣӿ˫ԹĿһۣ˵۸ġ
誰ģϡѵĴչȥǣû۸
һҾ͡ɣίĿʲô֪ġ
誵Ȼ֪ܲòҲ֪ԵֻǰϦ
Ҳû˵ƣֻοԣ´
˷Ľſţ誵䵽Բ⻬ļͷɣһҧء
誵ͷǣһ˳ҸǰסָգָԼҧסĴ꣺ҧԼ
š
ϸ΢Ļһ·ĺǶ¡
֪ʱƲ㣬¶ƺЩߡ




105 
ڶ졣
˯ѵʱѾ͸ء
ʲôʱˣɣͷڱ誵ļЩɳƵʵ
о˴ϴ·Щ⣬Ϊĳ˰ڵʲôʱ˯Ŷûӡˡ
̧һЩҵ㷢ش𣺡ʱˣô
ɣ˳¶˯ؿںݺݵһ£ߡе⡣
誹˼һ£ЩΪѵ˵Ǹ˾Ͳÿˡ
ɣ̧ͷãȻɫ죺ʲô
㲻ԣ誹޹Ŀ
ɣڷӦˢһºˣϹ˵ʲôأ˭˭Ҫˣ
򴽣޹Ŀ壬һţһߡҺѲ밡
ɣԭѵԼ⣬һת۾ͿвزסЦ⣬ʱ˵°ҧһڣ̲סЦޣͶҰɣ
ѽ㷢ѽ誶ʱЦۣһȵ˵Ȼ֣壬ⲻóԣ˳˻ġ
ɣ屧ͷϣֻԶǰӦðɣ˵ǰ߷˸ɺͨΪֻʳ⣬Ӷʳֶ¡
һһ֮ʿȴаĵҩȡƣʣµҲûѣʳ
Ȼˣ˵Щɲˣ˵˻̲סһ¶ѡ
Ļ課̾Ӷʳĸ綼ᷢ漴˵
ͨյĻֻԼûвѣͨȺӹ³϶á
аޣ¶ûУ̸أ
ƳҩʿǣԶҩһ£οһЩȾˡ
ţɣˣҪԾͳҰɡ
ɣ屻ķӦЦҲҾôһ˵㻹浱Ҫ˰
ҲʧЦ˵֪壬ҪҪɣȥȻ
ɣҲ˼һ£ǿɣæһпա
á誵ͷ
еˣҲ׼𴲣׼ͱɣס
һ調˿˵ʳôóԵģԼʲôվŶȥˡ
ϣվǴϸزһдųԷȥҲĸ֣Ҳ̲סЦˡ
ͬ壬ɣҲǷˣֻ׽أ
課˼ĿСдпյʱ̵ģҲôдë֣ԡ
ɣҲûЦ˼ֻǵдֲÿ˵Ҳ˵û£ʱҽ㡣
ƤһЦգգۣãǾҵСˡ
ɣʱͦؿڣЩ⣺˵˵߰ɡ
á
˳СԺûþ͵˼ſڡ
ֵ磬ҹȻǲܿŵģ˼ʮ塣
ߵ¥ȴȥ棬ǡ
ߵۣһУʶ壬һͻˣϧܴȻȥҼλ϶Ҳϲĺܣ
ʲôҲܲɿڣۣһûԹأ
ܲŨСˬɿڣЩ㣬˵ôŶûأԣѵ𣿡
ɣ¥ݣǵֻЦЦ
̤һŨ˱Ƕ̨ϰ˸־²ȣɫˡ
滹вŶӣ˽ȥ˲ҪŶӵġ
ԱǮ˸˵ϰ壬誾ЦЦ档
ŶŶ˼״ʱҲû˵ֻܿǽǮȥ
誺ɣ岻ʲô峴ˣԾȥ̨߰һЩʳ׼Ի
ȴֱұߺмӵʳȴࡣ
誣Сʱվŵתͷһ
Ϳվź缸һŴǰ棬ϰ˸ֲȵĻˮ
Ҳߵǰûλˣ
á誻شһϺëǵϲ˹ȥǸ¡
ȷʵûλˣǱͶרõС䡣
ѾˣǵȻһ
̵Ѷһֱڿ죬ʳ̲ס˵ЩҪԼ鷳
ô᣿ЦЦ˵ôûʲô˹ˣԭǾ鷳
·ԱͶԧͭ̿ʢѷ
˰ѱƬŵûһ̳պ룬˲ŻȻ򣺡ԭԵ𣿡
̺վͷҲŴɿһ£ȷʵͦġ
˻һֱʳ̫Եġ
ҳԲᷣʮǾ͸һˡ



106 һҲǡ
Ҳû̫С£ʳʳﶼⱣʣһûĶᱻӹԱ͡
誸ɣ˼Ϻʷŵ˵ϺԵ㣬ЩȥϺô
ɣ廹ûڣվž˵ЩԭζİɣҸоʲôŵĺóԡ
ҲáɣͷȻʲôζϺҲ
ԭζûκֱӿϺԽԽ㡣
áϲ誵Ȼ
Ϊֺûǻرֻǽð֮䵥ΪԷЩʲôԷģԼҲܿġ
̸ã˵С誣еҪȥһˣæǰ
á誵ͷЩǵʵ費Ҫæأ
һЦû¶˸ãȥһ¶ѣǱ߱ȽԶʱæĹǺǺúϢɡ
ԭϲϲڣҲ̲סġ
֪ȴ̾˿ҵһֱ̳мҵôһ˰˸Ů
ԭСΪкλȥʵҲǵļЩ岮ǽвҵ
⻰վЩԾû뵽̾Ȼô׽á
ŮҲ̲ס޷޲ƽŮôˣŮ˰ΪʲôҪжܼ̳мҵ
ɣҲü㻹ڵĵӣʿǻΪ㸸ĸ
ȴЦһƲģҶ󲮼ҵҲʿȻôһ׾ǣڼǱ
̵ֺ˵С̼˾ŮС̵ĵﻹãΪûжӡ
һŮҲ̲ס˵С̱ѡУЩ˻֣С̰øأ
ЩǸµµΪЩϲİѴСϣ˵СĻԵ
ôôأվŶʱĻˣ̲ס
ʦһұ۸Ҳ¿˵һȥ
ýһԼǴ򱧲ƽЦ˵ûû£°ЩҲŰ
λȥΪ˸ҵǳģʵڲУҴҵֱ壬ԼһҲǲУ
־
֧㣡
˶ʱĻ֣վԱߵĹƵҪ̫־͸˵ȥҧǣ
ɱúúȡշ£Ļ̸æܾ֣µ˵
¡վʼ磬һ
ô˵绹ǴȥһˣΪĺѽҲҪ뿪ˡ
վż״ҲĿƳ誣誣Һһȥһ˺òã
Ȼá誵ȻɣֻǲĵĽ·;ңԶһҪչ˺ԼǮ͵ҩһҪʱϡ
䷳ĶվЦеĵͷӦá֪ҲǣȥץʱһҪСģٶҲڼˣ
ţ֪ˡԼҲǿЦá
ֻһᣬҲʮƣʳǸ໰Ůӡ
֮ʣ誼̧񣺡˼úܺã鷱࣬Щʱմůϰɱ߶š
ѽϰ壬´پ̵ۡҲ˵
ҲʿƽʱæһΪ̵ԼЩһ˵ûܺúһ¡
˼ʱӭλҲЦŻһ
Ŀ뿪誺ɣŽ˼á
߽ӳľһЩڳ˯Ŀˣһ߹˽͵ҹ˺ȵ̫࣬Ƕɳ˯ˡ
ǲܶ˶ȥ¥ϣЩҲǺĿˣǼˣû⣬˯
š誵ͷһİ칫ȥ
ձ͹Ѿڰ칫ҵţǼ¥Ķʮʮ£ʱ˱
ɣ߹ȥ˶ɳҲߣôΣ
ձ˱û̫һ¥湲߰ʮ۳͵ļ빲ʮ
¥ҹһ
¥˰پʮ
¥߰ٶʮ
Ȼл˲򣬻ԱĹǮӴ£ҲǾţһëѡ
ô󣿡¥ɣЩԾü
û뵽һ˼þͲǧĻֽ͵ܲˣһ¥̫ߣҪǾˮԺȺͷΧ⡣
¥һЩ˹ɱշ̫ˣҪһС
¥¥¥ߣΪݽŵҩԡͬлмݵ䣬ʹʹٵҩЩȽϹһ㡣
ͨһȫĦҲӣԡҩԡҩʮǧȡ
Щţиæϵͳһоġ
ȻǸߡôһͣɣҲȻĵͷ
ǾҲ֪Щ۸һ㶼ˣٺܶͨգ˵һ¥ˣ¥޷֡



107 սֳ
ûãȽϷԤڡĻЦеĳգգۡ
εģɣԽϲ
誰֮ĵǮջؿռ䣬ʣµתãȻձ˵ҩ;ˮǵþ㣬˱뼰ʱĽɽ䡣
ˡձ˵ͷҲʣµǮȥˮҩʱ˰Ǯȥ
԰ѹأûʲô»ͻᵽ¥һ齻ձ
С誵ͷʱһž˼ÿпվ͵üĽɽˡ
ʱŲŲðᣬǵԴǲܴ̫˵ȡ
ʱſڵĹ½˵ɣļλͬǡ
誺ɣһȥ
棬һȺӢͦΣĹӸſڵˡ
Ϊ׵Ŀƣɾʦã˵ҪȥһãٻҪ뿪ˡ
ɣͷ˵Դʦֲȥ𣿡
Դǵϯӣųַ̻塣
꣬ΪѾӽʥףɣϲĻҲڽš
Ҫ֪ʿ˵֮½ϡ
׾Ǹˮ룬ԽԽѣͬһ㣬ҪĻԵܲЩͣͰ궼һһǡ
ԴѾװˣݳɾͣѾʮ˵ˡ
ȻҲɣ֮ǰɣ츳չ¶Щ֮ӣݺݵ˦˺档
ԴϵɣʮƣʦõĻֺЦŻش
ʦ˵ѵ֮ĵ飬˼ǻû꣬Ǽɢɢġ
Դ紺㣬ɣЦݣЩþ
߹ȥվɣ߿˵ȷʵˣλʦѵһˣǸĿġ
һԸ͵õӣҲһڲͬС԰ӶʵǱǸʲô˼¸ĪǴǬ
԰вϺſڵʲô첼ţЩ档
Ǹֳһ˿ǸǴϷΪ˸һЩ᲼õĳأͬʱҲΪˣ˼ģλʦǿҪԣ
һԻþˮȯĵطҪ⡢Ϸսһϵвͨغһһ¥ˮȯ
Ƕײ͵ģͰһһƴ̣ӸһСоˮйҾơ׾ơѡ
ڿҵǰط˵ģû뵽ô˱ԾֱӸı˲ԡ
Ȼҵ챾λþͽţѾˮȥռط
һҲʵŶʲôĻ᣿
ɣϲ棬͵ͨ߻һѾˮײȯ߻ʮֿȯͨȯһֻţֿȯʮţɢ̨ʹá
û뵽˴ְ취ˣ̲סޣŲ
ǰǾˮ˵˵ҲˣҪˮӱأ˶أһҲ˵
ȥ棿ɣ΢΢ף弸˵
ǾȥɡҲû
ֳſڣ˦һŻѹıڵȼž˲ˡ
ɣҲֳϵĺ첼¶¸ս԰֡
ԱߵдŹûͻ֪ˡ
սݣϵͳִ֪սĿѡϵĸĿ
㡢Խתȹ߸ĿһվһĹ⻬ݻݡ
ĿΧмľ޴һĳŹᴩϷ
ȻĿᶨ޸ģӴأÿӲˣҲԸרҵʿƴƾжӮ
˵ãʹҲܶȭţһж볡أɣһ䡣
Էһˣպʮֱӷֳӡ
ɣ誣һõӣһϽŵӺڵһӡ
һӾԴǣǶӵĵˡ
ֺöӣɫĲֱұ󷽱֡
ɣϲɫǶѡ˺ɫ
㵹˭ҲƫġֶԴ΢΢һЦ˵
ǣλ岮أҲԵһͬʡɣǳǳһЦ̬Щ롣
زУҲϷĿ˿Լϰ˽棬ɤͲ˳
˵˵һرĽ̨ǰ档վ̨Ͽʼܣ˵ϷԻֻȡͨ؄ÿⶼ嵽ʮֵĻֶ֣Ķʤ
֪֪ˣɣǰѾſڿϷˣ
ؿ𣬹ʮ⣬һɵһ֡
һ⣺;Уڴǰ;ˣǽ⣬ʱӦá
誺ɣڲûвĴ㡣
ԱϽŵʦˢһ¾֣Ҳ˾֡
ʱѾۼ˲ٹڣͨգҲɢô⣬ĺͲĶ̲ס
ȵȵãǲоúӵ˵
Ͻŵӱ࣬⣺ִִųɹνԽʧԽӦѭ򽥽һԵ
еͷϲӵһ֡



108 Ҵˡ
ʵûб׼𰸣ŽһԾ͡
Ƕͨʿ˵Ŭѭ򽥽Ǹ飬ֻħ
ʳڶ⣺ڶ⣬ĳŮժϣÿժʮôһʱժٸ
ԾԾԵ˱ͻתŤַɿ˼
̲סЦˣһʱСʱСʱڰ˿ӣƽһ̴ʮӣô
ܿ죬ͬʱ֡
˵Цӯӯһֵӻش
ٶʮӵӻشʮִ
Цúܿģˣȷ㣬Ϊϲϡ
誺ɣ壬˶¶һģ
ǡ桭ϽŵԭҲ˴𰸣Ҳû뵽
ǣʦãΪʲô֣ڵӻع̲ס
ҪиСЦЦ˵
⣬ʱ
һԽתһ顣
÷֣֣ķ֣ʣµԽתֱӶˡ
ãʤ뵽ľš˵仰ʱЩĿˡ
һֱϷ誺ɣ壬ֱÿ˻ҪܳͷȦĿű˴ˡ
ΪʲôҪľϣϽŵӴʱûʶԡ
壬Ҵˡû뵽ʱֺǺƵϷͷһ䵽ԼͷϣǸ⡣
޷Ըķ䡣ɣ嵹̫⣬Ϸ
϶ľţľľӣŲȥͿʼҡҡλΡ
˺˶Ϊͷǹľţ಻СĵȥѣԶ̲ססҪò绨Ĵ
Ȼû뵽
ǰмվתסɣ֡
סʹɣҲͷżΪʲôߵ˵
ʱʮźɫװŸЦߵ˴˼óٴš
Ǹʲôҡҡ׹ľŸӾҡֻܾס塣
ȻǸˣһȺȷֿľŵ߿ʼҡΣǵĶҡηԽԽ
ҡҪȥˣ
һòãôײкòã
еӱҡ֨ҽУխխŵϾס塣
ż˦ɳȥˣΧȺ̲סҵθﰡҲ̫ˣ
ܿ죬λмõӱ˦ɳȥһĻˮм޴ˮ
ˮ˾ԱιȥˣԱߵŮ˻ڵϰˮ
ɣ誶һۣץű˴˵ֽ¶ñȺ˻
ܿ죬ڶĸкҲǵĶѣϽŵʦѾſڵͼαס塣
Цöᣬδż̳ҲЦ巢
ڹ£誺ɣջǹѲڣ˦˳ȥ
̫Ϊ˰ȫˮҲûˮĵһʱ䣬æȥš
ˮѾϸɾ·ɣҲæ·ڲŶѮǱȽġ
ڶܶף˵ķӦ˲վ̨ϣһ֣кһֻܶ׵ʱһףֻܶ׵ʱס
һÿʮ֣һοһ֡
վڵɣڵڶ
ֻܶס
誺ɣ廹еһ˸Ķ
ֻܶסкúܿ죬ǸͿʼˣҲӦܿ졣
Ȼεֻףû뵽һ˲ӾȻҲһˡ

Ϸӿ֡
ӣڲпٵĿںҲķ֡
һڵ϶ľţӵֵúϲ£켷ȥ֡
һ¥ݵʱɣòǺܿ
ΪǶԶѲǺ죬ԷҲǵһҲû˭ȥ˭ץȻ˲Ц
˿Ƕˣվɣ˵Сźʦǻ档
ɣͷǶԵϽŵӴ˵ʦ֣ѺԴʦ
ţϽŵû뵽ʱǰһסԷĽš
һײĸͬţһ𻬷ɵ誺ɣԱߡ
⻹棿ǰһ򡰵жӡͬţ׷չ󷨡
δ̳һʼʮֺƢЦʦǣǽģҲʼˣԴϽŵޣȻֱõɽһȥ
һקӮˣϾϣȱ誺ɣİ֡
Ĵվڶľϣ誺ɣ嶼ʮ˵һغһǶˣͲסϺȰ
ͬʱҲ´βͲϤһˡ
һӳͷһҲʼš
սر󣬿ͬʱμӣֻҪӵˡ
ⲻսҲڶνܳͷˡ
ϣ誺ɣȥ¥һ٣ȥ¥¥һͨ
һ¥ŵʱ䶨ϰ˵㣬ߵԱٴȻ󿪻Է
Ųŵʮ㣬ȥһ¥˿Ⱦơ
ʱѾܶˣ̨ϳŶ㽵ĸСǿĵˣա
һߣ̺վżҲͣ˵طҹ
̱һʯͷϢʦվ˵ˣܵˡ



109 ˸ţ
ѽҲ̫ģµġվҡҡͷο
֪ġ̵ͷЦһ¡
̵һãһ꺭ȥԣɹץһֻҰһֻҰá
꺭ӶվʵϳԿǿ伦
óԣûζվſŷ˶ҲûпֱԵ
ôʵӣҪųԣտϼ㣡
ȷʵҲͷ
ɡҲ˻𣬴Ӵóӹӡ
⼸ҲûţһæվȻ誳Ա˸ζԼȴģ誸ղŸװ˲ٽϣǿҪʲô
Ϊܸʳﱣʣ誳˸װһЩͷŵĵɣЩÿʹõСϡ
տӿ϶ˣ̿ͳƿƿ޹ҲֺǺǵ˵
վ°ͣ˵غͻأԣ誶õģˮ󿪼ϾС
أ
Ǹáһջһ߿ſɰվ־䶼ҫǸϰ壬̲ס˵
ǣ調ãվŵȻ⣬ôõĽôܲҴŰ
ԭ˰Ϊϰأã꺭ȻĵͷҲ̲סĽˣΪԽΪܸߡ
ȻʿʵߣԷΪ
ǰС誺СŶˡ̵Ȼ˵ʲôֻǿվЦݳ˵
͵ĻվſǱǴ˺ܶܶġ
ͰҲܺáվűЩ˼˵꿴ʶֲ䣺Ҳá
ǲκǰɣ̲̿סЦˡ
ǣվҲٺһЦ
ڵܣ̧ͷգվе誺ɣˣҲ֪誺ʹСڸʲô
ʱǻڵĻ˼ÿأߣ˿ʱش
վŵͷʾˣȻ˵һûȥ¥ȻȥһҪú档
ѽҲûȥ̵Ȼֻͬ뵽һ£üͷ
ＸãͨŮӣӴ㵽þѼӡ
ϰҲǴţȴû뵽ֶһϾš
Ѿʮһ꣬Ȼ޵߲䣬òϣĽǶȥ
ǰعһμңֿŷŵפյֻһ˵ഺòԭء
Ҳĸ˸仹ִŶӣΪѪͬĵִܵϣٹǮ
һ뵽ԺˣǸĸö뿪ľܡ
п÷٣ӻ˥ϵĵҩΪͨˣôŬҲѡ
ʱǹ¼ҹһˡ
翴ɫӣĵǣҲû԰ο
ҺǸӤԲΪЩ
ҹԽԽΧڻԱ߲֪˯˹ȥ
һߣ˼誺ɣһȺû˳ʦǷ档
СĴ£δż̳˶ʮַſ˸ţ
⻰һЦö᣺оţʦȶ˰ɣ
ԲԣŸˣ˸ŵĵæĿڣǿ㣬ֱ߷߶¡
ܳûˡ
誺ɣЦ̵ʮָۡ
¥ϣλŵǺ͵岻Ҳ޲ȥߡ
Դɣֿصĵӣ»ǫԳ֣Ⱥеĵʮͣ˵Ļȴǿ˵ġ
Ҳʮ㣬ǼõĺӡɣЦһҲ޵ϽӣԬġ
Դ˶Ǿļ̳ˣΪϵãȻҲһ˱硣
׿λѣһ԰ۣˣӲ䣬Ƿľʲôʱˣ
ɣһۣһЦתϿ˴󱭵ľ̲ס̾
ǺѰ
ϵĥɰڱҲǷҲǸˣҾƣȻôıӣ
һֱɪԱߵĵСã⻰ĿڣͣҪС𣿡
¥һ¥ͬÿ䶼еƺˣȻˣҲ١
Ҳѡ벻˵ʲôʱǳȥ
˼ֹıӣСڱ߽űӵͼβƱĿڱ
ڱǺȵõģ߶ȴҾӦСڱӵȡ
һһֱӮĿ˾ѡıӣԲϰġ
޷ɣ˰֣ѵһһ
Ҳں׽Ŀºһ
һߣ誺ɣҲںȹҾƣϾͬˣҪôࡣ
ϲҾƶϵģͰԴǽӮĵͶͰŴ׾𣬴ҾƼû˺ˡ
ҲǺȵ
һֱ賿࣬ſɳϲˣҲСвٿߺĺš
誺ɣҲȵùֱۣ˼û˵İ˿ռ䡣



110 ҪҪ͵һȥ
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ڶ죬誺ɣӿռ߸˯Ť˵ʦǡ
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ͬʱһͿƯԲĴ۾ɻĿǡ
ɤӣæҲȿȣǸƲ
ɣ忴Ʋ˵ƣ֣µصͷܵ岮ʶЩƵĸ
ֶԼ˵˵誸岮׼˻
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϶ˡ׵˵ͷЦ˵
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ڼ̸ʱʦʶΪԼģˡ
һȺĵǰԵͬȣͬ˼Ұ˯ŵļҲû˵ʲôɣһȥ¥š
ʱ¥Ҳܶ࣬誵ȻóδڴԷȥ˰䡣
λòСܰŴһʼ͹˼Լݣµġ
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װ޺ºµĻͬŸӻС
ɣŸԻشⲻдֻͣӴԼˡ
ֻӴԼˣҲЦŵͷ
ȥһɣΪŮȻǺɣһ誱ץҲʹһ
ϵͳ̲ס²ۣǰЩŴһ붼顣
ΪȻȻ̬ȹ񣬵ҲǫֻѶԷ
Ĳɫͬ治ͬž˽˺ͿС𣬶˲ϡʳġ
ȥõϡõһӸ˵Ҫȥö
ͼŰɫߵķԱСԵģԼкðƯĹ̡
ʳĳȥˡ
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ΪţƽʱӦӶ࣬˾շתط˾ͳԼڣҲø˭ӡ
Ȼڣȴıʳջˣ㲻ؿڸ֮ʳҲƷ
һٷԵñӻȥ˲ٶ
ԬضһɫƣһȦ콴С͵׼ǰʦɣţζǳ
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ŶѵҲмƼĶҪԡӣЦЦ˵
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һʶתͷɣ塣
ɣ忴ŵӹ˼ԼϵһЦ˵ҲԼһȥѰɲݣȥĻһǰ˵ġ
Ŷ㻹ֵ⼸˾ˣû뵽С˲˵Ȼɣһ
ԴҲòȻŵѶͨˣѹôϵ
誸˵ɣĹͣȴɣ˵ǣҲŲͱأ
ɣεЦЦֶ˵չˣ⺢ӱҹ߻ˣЩ꣬Ըൣ
ӦõĲСҲܺáæ̧˵
Ϊ൱ĹҲʮͣ˵ʱ䲻ˣǾˡ
£Ҳͬʱ
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ټλҲ׳˻ָ誺ɣͬŻ֡
Զֿɣ壺ȥ𣿡
ȥɡɣͷ
׼Ȼӵʱձ˰˽˽ȥ켸¥ĴûеһߣҲٶ
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صһƬȻӣԶͿ˰ɫ̴һƳð
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ȻƳɽ£ԭҲΪӰ첻󣬵Ǻ˾ζ̫أ誻Ǵᵽһɽϡ
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ȻͱȽϴ˴ɨղĳԾ㼸ûл¡
Ӧ誵ϢܹڴԼķˡ
ѽΪˣѾǵܹЩȡ
պԼʱǲŶǣ⻹ͦƴġ
šܹͷɰèҲǿġ
ͦáɣҲϿɵĵͷ
ص䣬誴ӿռóһУЩǼλЩʦ͵ĺ񣬵ȻֳҲˡ
һһȭͷСɢͽɫâҹ顣
ҹ飬̲סϸ꣺Ȼǽɫҹ飬ô󡣡
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Ҳ˵˼̫˲ġ
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ֻǸûҵȻԶҪһ㡣
ߣ˼żһʾһѧ棬ɫƮݡ
һߣվźҲңøСŵ¾ƣҲøһȺ˵ʲô̵顣
һͷԼĸ˵ʲô̴̤ҵеŮŮһһɰ
һŮ嵱˵Ǿǲ̷𣿡
վҲǻ˵ǣһŮŮҲˣôС̣ô;ˣ
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112 ǰѣҲͬ
ҲǹǣֻǾ̫۸ЩüĿһѵһͣվǰˡ
ϹϾаٶˣ峤϶ʮڵ̣ʶЩ
תһ룬Էѵܶôɣ
ǹŲ˵̣ݲͬſǼж棬ǼұһжҴ𣬷ͽ̡
̵游Ҵ󷿣̸ֻһжȻܾ
Цһ̣ܣ̣ԭʮӣ̣ٹţٶӶҵġ
ǣԣҲֻܸʮң붼룡
Ļ峤ʱŭĿԲ˵˵ҪϹ㸸ѧϰᣬôнճɾͣ
һжϸģôȻҲ˵㣡㻹治Тɣ
㣡̱һ治Тѹס巢Ϊ˼Ҳ˵
վҲȺǾͷҪж̸ĸ̳ĸһǰɣ
һϿԲһҧ˵ӣмЦĳѾͷ˵㿪ڵķݣ
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ȻѾ֣վŵȻ;ϣĿ⻷һȦ˶˱òĵ˵ͷǰѣ۸̣۸̵ĸĸɵͬͬ⡣
˵ţĵߵǸ峤ǰ΢΢˫ЦЦĿڣҲͬ⣬һҴһûУ
ȻЦվȴûһ˿Ц⣬ϱЦĻţѵĵͷˡ
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ԼæڣûûλС
գûдϯվŸӿģߵλϡ
Ҫͣ£к㣬ʦ棡
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վż״ƲƲ죬ҲŲһ£翴ˣϳᵭЩϣҪϯô
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ȻĲȴұ¶ĸ״Ҳк̵ʾλ
һ̾ȱվſ۷Ź⣬̲סá
ϯϣ̸˽ܣ㣬ʦƽʱʮչҵģվţõѡ
չáҸĸͷʮ𾴣ϾֻͨˣԷȴǸ߼ʿ
ּվź˵ʦ㣬СţҵˣǴ򡢶÷򡭡
վҲͷһŽйȥȻ˵ǶƯ
Ѿʮ꣬ӶѾʮˣòš
ʮϾҪʮˣűȽϽȻõǴŮҲʮˡ
Ȼ֮Բɣˡ
վŵĻǲ˼ЦˣСŹƯ
վֻǳЦЦǰĴзϾȻԵúܿ죬ǳʮš
̰Ѽӵֲ˼еԣѼ⣬ܲġ
ţվŹɵĵͷһѼ⣬Ȼۻ
ԭʮ־нҸĸý÷ǣվźƿɰģ
ȻѾ߶һŵǰѩзҲ㳢
ãллվòĵͷЦŵл
ˡȻû뵽ô󻹺ԼлʱЩܳ˵
Եһ룬ŷٶȣ׵ĸʵˣôСã
ñСóվŵĻһЦⲻˡ
籾ҪźӸѿһΪɸΪСһף
վźǹͣԵȻһǰ
ŴŴ˫С̣վһӾϲˣӻóһҸ׼ϲ𣿡
ӹӣֱӴСһϣСԲĵͼаܽСõǱҪĪժ¡
ĸʮָж֪ˣллչ
վóݵС̲סˣҴڴСĳƽаɢҸ



113 ҿ
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̲֮סпΪʲôǸӣֻתͷվ˵Ҫͷչúøлλ
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㿴ôỊ̇˶ûأ
֪ˡͷοĿŮ
Ļ̲סҵû˼̳Уô˭֧Ůأ
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Ŀ£ֻǿһЦݣ˵˼ף
ȵϯɢȥ̸վź簲˾ɫԺӡ
֪һҲܾûۣվźҲԻطϢ
ص䣬վžȲĴ˵˽顣
һߣ誺ɣһųǰõ޻
վŷ޷޲ƽЩҲõʱЩҸĸġ
˼ҺϣһȺͷͱ˵ӣɣ̲סü
ȷʵΪȻĵͷ۳һֻ񣺡ȻСź书ٸҲ²˵ǧСıƹ֪𣿡
˵꣬һƣͷ˳ȥ
ҪСʱŵԷߵİ̲ס˵Ҫиʵʱķͺˡ
Ȼ˵Ҫֻͺˡ
ʵʱɣ屻뷨ȣ̲ס˼
ţǱǧǴǸ˴˵˵춼֡誵ͷһ˵һСĵİƽ޻á
ʱ˿̣ȻһֺͼһҸ㡣
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һ·ԣɣ˵壬㻹ϲʶѣҿа취ǸʵʱԻĶŪ
ĻɣѾûپˣ뵽ղͻȻ񣬱ȴƺں˭˵ʲôӣ̲ס˼ۡ
誱ͷƤ飬˵ЩʲôʱɣȴæĶʦ˵⼸˼ãʱ˵
課ɫ˿á
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ɣһ𻨷嵽誷ϣ¶͵ЦݣСʲôûвɹġ
ҲЦŵͷͣǣСɣһ۾ͻᣬأ
ǰǶ䣬ë׵СŹڻϵ޻̲ס̾ԼŹȻǸţ
ë޵ġ˿ġƽģ۾ͻˣɫҲ¸ߵֱҪ̫ˡ
ۼڣʰöֵݶ¶̨ϳ
誸˱ζĹƣԼҲ˵ҴٰһǧΣǱߴҡô
ԡɣͷ̲סüǷǵ㣬ǹõһҹ
ůǹ굽ڶû¹һꡣ
ʵûоãе㲻ԣ
һ㡣誵ȻҲ⣬Ѿˣôãǰ¹ѡ
Ҳϵͳͨϵͳֻ˵򲻶ʱһ꣬ʱһ겻ꡣ
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調ԤеΣգûиоӦҲûʲôġ
ûҡҡͷ͵˵ʱ²ͣʱһûУӶ࣬ꡣ
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극˶Щ΢ҲûмŻطǿһҹա
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һǺ誶ͷɣĶͷЩɳѹ֣ط𣿡
šɣ˵ͷ鲻Խ˸ʵĶ



114 һĻ
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ûʲô£͸ûȥˡ
ڶ죬ò׻һε̱ż档
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ҪǼ˸ſеСǵļҲԽԽ֡
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Ϊʲô
۵Ŀ̶ͣģֻҪھ̵֣ͬǼҡ
츳ãǴڵӣھܿȥ໥֣Ҳ˿ˡ
˷Ļ̷ŭˣھôܻ˵ˣ֮µʿʲôھƭˣ
˵ݺݵĵԱߵһۡ
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¶аһЦתĸ첲壬ȵŰɣ齻ʦͺá
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ģ̶ãһʦЩġеĳǵ˵
ọ̃ȴĶ⡣



115 Ƿ
ȥէ֣Ŀͬ׸̣һѩǰܵĿС
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ȻһУ˻ˣ
뵽ԼһеףƲסֺݺݵȥˣϲ̨Ǯƾʲô͸
̱ߵѪ˫ֵҲߵñΣͬʱҲоع顣
ĿŤ³һѪĭҲ˻ȥϲ̨ҲǷ˵ĳ
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117 ҡ
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118 λʦ𡭡
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119 ô
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120 ƣ
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ɣֺȲ֪˭
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šû뵽ûֻðѾƺꡣ
ٵĽģû뵽Ҳͬת񽫣Ʋָˣɣۡ
ֻû뵽ָһƣû꣬Ľľʹش𣺡ȣ

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ԸоƵ˺ܶ࣬˿ɣľƱҲûжʣ
ҸɫСɫĹ˹
ĽĺͼǰӹҲұԹæꡣ
ҹ誺ɣԽԽĽĺͼȴѾˡ
ſ˯ŵĽģûжųɵȺĬĬơ
ע⵽ǰɣȥ־ƵûˣԱƿһľƣ˻õСȥ
˼Сſģûע⵽ԱߵʱʱȥĿ⡣
һ㣬øձˡ
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ҹˣԽ֣ɣֶʵʦҪҪȥˣ
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ҪȥĽԴҡø˹һȥһûһܺȣʦɱ
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ʦʦʱ䲻ˣûȥˡ˱ᣬɣæ߹ȥȰ
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ս䣬誾ͱϣɣһ̧֣žͱϡ
ߺŵϱƾѬ죬εģŴҲ¶һȻЦݡ



121 ˭
ɣͬ۲ת˶֪ģ
˿ڿˮȥһֳŴ棬һָỬͦεıٵĴꡣ
ɣĿĿֱܵγˮ誣û˵Һϲ㡣
кݺһͷǵգ䣬鲻ѵĵૣ˵ϲңǺϲǵһ˵Ҳ˵壬ҵĴС㣬ϲ㣬ϲϲ
£誱ȥڵһϲɣ壬Ǳĺͼš
д¶´֫ٺֵģůůġ
ʹ鲻Խ˶Է壬ϴá
һֱΪΪǼ£޿ѡš
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ϲ˾ǰޱİеĸжҸҲ˵ġ
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֪Ҳϲˡ
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ЦһĲͶôеأ
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ֻô˵ţҲʵűɴ»ԷԲβݺһѡ
Ҳͷһ󱨸ֿУûһͰŪɫ߲Сı˺ˡ
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ȥɣԹذһԽˣƤҲԽԽˡ
誱ԹĿǲǣ
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֪Сװ۵ȭͷһȭٰ
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˻죬վž͸Ҫȥ䳡ˡ
ŵʱվ룬ҲþûкúöˣǸѧϰˡ
վųʱߣӵĶΪ誰Ĭ롣
ʱæʦ㣬ȥһ䳡
ô翴ָյĻҲ˿Ҳôͬھµߡ
ϾЩ˿ǲܿЦġ
ڴ棬лЩ˷ܣСȥСˣе뿴
˷ܵӣĬǺýá
ҲûܾŻʮʦóţ˼硣
䳡誴ճͿŸƻеվԱߡ
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վڿƻѹ˻Ϊҽ߹ȥ誣ѽ
أ誳һЦٻɽ
誻ѵϵͳҲ֣[ۿ׽õĴͼұֳ
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Ӧվȷһ˲ǰֱ̧һơ
ͻȻϮһƯĲܣɽվš
վɶһĹơ
ŬӦԣΪ֮ԣԺܿ·磬˶ʮ֮վһƷʮԶ
誱Ʒ֮վһ׷Ŵ̲ס˱ֱۣʦÿ



122 ԭҲ֪Ҫô
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誱дĴӴܣĽҲüⲻǺ𣿴ôף
һӾͿվŵͼЩ⣺վڶ誵ıܣ
ĽĵȻҲˣʶʱվǵӡǸɰɵС
û뵽ȻϽһ棬ĽĻ˵ҲֻͬǿǰöѣվȻȴǸֵĹ
ֻ΢΢ףûڶԡ
䳡ϣһ߼ѱߵֵһߺСţ鰡ٴҪˣ
վȴΪ۾棺誣ûϵΣôûˡ
˵䣬ʽԽ׺ݡ
һԵ̿ýζʱ䣺Сʹ
εҡҡͷ
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ĽĺЦһʲôЦҵȻҲѣ϶С
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ĽЩ誽вֵĲϣֳ̧¯һп챻ûŮ۾¯Ҳܻ档
Ľһר־ϣһ¯ġ



123 
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ʲôĽĲİڰ֣ʦ˵;
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ȻĶʢȥռޡ
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뵽ʲô˵˰誣ںϺɻԿժźȽϺã



124 
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ĽɽϤվţô˵Ҳ뵽Ǳߣȥӣ
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誺ɣ˵ͷȥߡ



125 鱬
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ȴû뵽̫죬誸ܾͱһɳȥԴظ޵˵汳
ۣЦ𣿡ԶԶͿһĻĽļֱҪЦˡ
ҲǿЦãһ־Ͱ˫ӹշ
ȿȣޣһҶ֦
֮ǰľ޴ֱŰֻûĶɢˡ
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誱˳һ£Ĵģû£û뵽鱬ˣеӦϴȡ
š뵽ղǳɣҲĬˡ



126 澯棡
룬Ӧ޷ֱ誵ˡ
ôûжܳȥɣЦ߹ǱŮʵ
ʹվֱ˸Ү
ķӣĽע⵽Զľľݡ
ɣشȻǵģб¯ʦʦʦȽȥЪϢһɡ
СĽĵͷǣƹȥ
ӣȻʮůʮֺʵһϣĺ޷ʴˡ
ֻôӲǺôģֿʵռ䣿
šʵĵͷһǧʯпҼͿ԰ѿռŪˡ
Ҳû̫⣬輸вĲ輸Աߣóһƿҩݸˣȥưɡ
ллʦ𡣡ɣӹƿöѩҩָ誺վţȻƿջԼĴָ˵
ǱƷҩ˻ָЧá
лǰ誺վͬʱڵл
ĽѾϣۣףơ
ֱóֲͬҾƣǶǴ̳װġ
˼ЦЦûüװǰĪҪ
Сȸߵľ̳ĽЦпڣһһ̳ոպá
ʦֲȾƣһһ̳ʲô˵żҪȥ̳ǱĽ̳
誼״ֱ˼̳ӳȻóһЩ¾СֱȥϢ
ľķһһһԭΪǼѳзģҲպסÿ
ûڲͳǵ飬誺ɣ廹վŻ˷䣬µҩ
ҩ븹ԸоΪҩɢŨת֮ʱܵҲӿ塣
£ʱ侹Ȼ֪ȥ졣
誺ɣڵ糿վβ
誺ɣˣҲֻһ֮ң
ϵͳе֪Ȼʮ־ȣ뵽Ҳû̫ˡ
Ľļ뿪ֻ
ɣ֪ȥȻӣҲλʦˡ
÷ϵ磬֪ǰȥһΣȻһ뿪ˡ
һжãҲµˡ
վһѣҲ˷һ뿪
վڷзյʱɣ岻֪ΪͻȻһϣʶͷһۡ
Ȼɽһɣûκβ׵ĵط
صȻӣվȲ˽ȥ̣㣬ǻˣ
վŵҲĵĳӭӣˡ
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翴żҲ˵ĺɻѾˣȥЩźѾʼѿˡ
ۣѾֺ˰ãɻѾֺãվҲܿġ
ò˶ʵڲɺɻժˣ
ƳҾȻ죬ҲݱĽ³
³ԶĵطȦȦˮľιι
誻ǸĴׯǩ˺ԼǴֲֳԼҪũͶ
վݶٵһУипǧ˼ˣҪǸĸ̶ڸжá
ϲɽҰκμûûɽȥϼɽܲɵĢԵҽԺ
ɣߵߣе˼΢ۣʲô
ˡϤʶش
ɣüǶôãΪʲôҪǣ
誸˵ǣҲһнһҵĵԺ֫ٺʹʹĵس鴤
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ʵҲͻȻܺãҲôࡣ
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ҵʱҲѹ̫ǣֻ˭֪ҵԲ˵ġ
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127 
ص䣬ɣ嵣ǵĿ誣һ°Ϳ԰׵ӣôˣ
ܣһֱҲڵԼղԸоҪ˵ˡ
ȴͻȻʹ൹أղʲô¶ûз誵ȴ·ܵش
ҡҡͷͷĻ壬Ϸ߰ɡ
޷ֻܾͣɻ
ĻɣҲǺϵйأ誡ƺ޷ڡ
áΪˣɣҲ͵ʲôҲ֪ͺá
ʱϺ˵ԼĴ㡣
ŷƵɣ壬̶֪϶һ
еùͷ콩ˣվ֧κξǰ·ǵУȥܹڡ
кýúţĺﶼǹ鴦ȻȻӾǵϳ
ҲȥɢɢģԵİ壺Ҫȥһȥ˵Ϸļ紺ɽʫ续ȥǲġ
ںҶǿߣȻر䣬Ǵﶬļʲôھʲôӡ
֮ǰϱߣǶ뷨ȥ誵뷨ɲ
ȴ¶ɣʱʦأҪȥһˣƿЩɶǲһˡ
ֿƺҲ˲С鷳ǺѣʱҲ뿪̫Զ
վȻЩʧ䣬Ǻܿãûϵѽйδæʱѽ
Ҳͷ˵ѽǶз̣κ¶ʱϵġ
ʦ˵Ĳκ⣬ʱϵ誵û̫⣬޲ɢϯǳˣи飬ַǳ̬
ɣ˿˹˵ŴģҲʱȻϢþƺò˺ò裬Ҳͦң
áѵԼ˵ô࣬Цŵ˵ͷ
ȻȷҪţ̵廹ûȫָҪ졣
Ŀ϶˿ռ˺ܶľݣȸһרŷݡ
Ȼüȥ˼õ¥ôӰӵ˸ʽʳġ
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һϮɫװҲһۣ˵ǸѲӣ²ɣ
ȥվҲȥװҲְŷ
ܹɢǣһյռ
ء
ء
ԽŮĿԽ
վۺߵŮ·̧ͷΪʲô޵ôģ
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Ŀ⼸ò绨ĹŵͷȥˣǡǾȻüң
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վűֱ۵ͷȻʿֲͨˣǹһ۾Ϳˡ
ŶŮŶһ뵽Լҵһ۵һ˳ųĵҵá࡫ѽ
ء
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ɣ屻ķٿްͷˣ
Ůֹסִ˸ãɪͰ͵ĿڣҡҲˡ
ߡɣûָߵԱߵĿյϣæӿռóΰʡ
ʵȵŮվҲֵòУһְ촽Ц˵㣬ѿˣٿĻ㡣
涵Ůίͷˡ
˵վҲĵͷǡ
ŰݵŮҲʵҪҪȥڤ磿



128 Ů
ŮûûкˣûԹִ̫ֹȽ⣬Ը֮ǰͲߵġ
ΪûкˣҲܶʲô
ֻк˵ĹޣԹԹ飬ǲſԲִá
ڵˡŮܾ飬Ҳ뱻
˭ϢվŶ⣬ŮĻֺʵ
ʵĻŮհһ˲ҡҵġ
誺ɣ嶼ŮãȻ޴˰ȴ벻ԼҪ˭Ҳ̲סͬ
ԽԽԽյŮЩץԼͷɫЩ񣺡ڵ˭ΪʲôҲǵˣҵҪʲôˣΪʲôûң
ʱܹŮ˵֪Ҫ˭
誺ɣ弸ͬʱɻĿ²֮ǰǲǼŮˡ
ȻŮܿ찲ںϵеĿֻèҪ˭ʲôʱҵȵúࡣ
ܹһ˵ڵˣΪ޷뿪Ҫǰߡ
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վżҲգգۣܹࡣ
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129 СҺţ
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ϸ΢ĸ֨Ըоƺʲôơ
һ誺ɣץס˴˵֣վҲץס̣ߣ
һߣһèͬʱϷԾ
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ֻһڣ޳ѵĺɫϳżӲִĺɫƬ
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ţԽ˵ԽɥͷҪˡ
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131 ǰ׼
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ܹоΧ˵ĿⶼԼҲʮֲڣʶ߶ȥ
һϢĲ¥Ϳ߰˸ɫߴͳһŮ
ʦ֡ɣ̴誺վһ߹ȥڼǰͣ񣺡/վ/ܹλѡ
ض񡣡ǿĳ誼Цһ£ֿɣ̣ĽʦѾ˵𣿡
˵ˡɣͷ
ԱߵһŮĿĿ誼ˣҲһȥ𣿡
Ǽ֮䣬ΪߵҲװǣ׻е룬һףȫ˲˺òã
šɣֻף誻ش⡣
ɫ磬Ƕһ˵²˳٣ھͳɣ
뵽·Ҫǧ̵ĳɳĮҪɭ֣誾ܾ飺ԵȣǻҪ㶫
Ҳó̯֣һ·϶ɢƣ׼ʳ࣬ʦʦԵһ¹
Ը񣬶ʦʦǶͣ޷׼˲٣ÿϲĶһҲ׼һЩɡ
ǰѯ誼ǲһ·ŮҲ˵ǰ˵ˣϢҲ£Сʦãٰ򼸴Ǻ«
УǻʲôҪ𣿡̵ͷֶʵ
һŮҲҡҡͷˣղǵݳǾˣʦ
ȥ㡣˵кվź誼ˡ
˷ͷжվźȥɨСԵģ˲Ư·Ρ
誺ɣܹĶӣѼţȡ
誻ڲ˵ԱߵĿյ˸˴ȥˮÿռ侮ˮ
ˮȻͨǿ壬Ƕʿȴûʲôãĳá
һ㶼ۡ
ٴκһ˻ϣ˾̤ǰɷħ·̡
ħ֮ԳΪħΪǰħ壬ռЩط
Ȼʤħ˼䣬ȴһЩֵֹĶ
а˱ħȾ޷ĵħ˵ĺԼħħΪʳħֲ
һ֣СΪħĳЩطʹħĶҲһᱻΪء
Ҫȥľɷħ򣬻ʮĵطɷħȾᡣ
Ϊһλǰֻ˾Ÿ׼ħͷҽǵħԶѹ棬Ӷ֡
ħ弫ɱ˵ǲ
±ֻʣһƲлߣͨʳͬࡢ塢壬ǹľָԼ
˵߽ħ廹߱
ԶԸħ壬նѹħǡ
Ǻǿߣһٽҷ
ڷϷһ磬ֻ֮صҵطҹ
̸֮䣬Ҳ֪Щӵ֣ŮзֱաڡӨӨ֦롢Ӻղ
ȻЩãΪԼܺúϢ誻ǰԼľݷ˳
ϾһôҲúúϢϴһ¡
ӣղ°ͶҪˣȥǳŻŷӰ
調ôȣҲе㲻˼ЦЦţв㣬ʲô׼һ㡣
֦Ҳһ۵ģһ㰡ǼҶˣ
òЦЦˮᵽԡңҺˮŶɣС˵ȥһ°ɣ춼ûкúϢ
šɣҲûоܾӡ
ڿһȦų˵ʦ֣շ缸λʦʦίһ£һ
ʲôίģôطסܱȿӨӨûһߣ࿪ˣ˵
СվŹͨһ£ҲЦе˵ʦҲֻܸˣʦúһСһɣʣµĸպҲһ䡣
ղ㱻Ļ˼ѹʦþȻͬ誺һ˯
վһĪЦݣǺѽ
ʦüʮ꣺ѵá
ȴܲϲ̬ȣΪȻЩҲǲ飬Ƿǵӡ
͸ú֮ǰ۸һ



132 㿴
վҲЩ죺СðƯǮĵĳͰ誺ϵǺ𣿡
ӨӨȽСҲע⵽誺վźе㲻ˣǽ͵
ʦǺܺðϲǲ˶ԷģǾǾ誹ﾹȻʦϵôá
⻰ȷʵվŵͷ⵹ҲǣǵһʶʹһܣҲһԷȻִһܡ
ʱɣҲϴû·վŵĻ˵ʲô
˵ʶʱܰվֱӻһ䡣
ɣЦһ£ǣҪȺͻȻֱ֣÷㣡
ôݣվŹ˵סؿڣֳ誸״㿴װ
ֱͬʱţ̩ȻĿڣģʱҲһӪ֣ôҲòϷ԰壿
ߡɣֻһ¡
ס׼Է⣬һ˵ĴָǴûбʹܡ
ԴĶǰͷɲ˸ɴ׵ȶ
Ӳܷ̫ãֻȳԣղһֻȣҲó
ôණҲûʲô
Էʱֶ֦˵ҿķưȫҪȻǴ׺Ͳ˶ɣһһô
˵һһͷԣǴ׹һԺþˣǵķԼϣһ߶Ҳӡ
Ƕ಻˼סĵط㶼ǽˡԾ誾̫Կˡ
վҲЦЦûգҲǸϰ壬ЩС¡
һô෹ȷʵ࣬ʲôʲô
ǻ놪£ɣֱİ壺Ǿô˵ɡ
õġƴһµӨӨͷ
뼸Ҳò͹ǵĻ⣬ǶǵİҲûġ
ΪȽϴȻСһЩʱЩľͷƴһҲʮס
պվһ䣬ʣµĳ誺ɣҲ˼һٲú÷ϣҹá
ܹڿĽ˸ѵΣʱ˶٣˯Լĵδ
ڶϣԾһ㣬˰࣬һ̼óʦ̲˾һ͡
վź󣬿緹ֱӸɳĬˡ
ȻһղȴǰһĵĴ˴֣ףƵС̲˰þûԵˣ
ô򵥵ͣ課ͷСɣʵҪҪ棿Էۣ
ˣԵɡɣҡҡͷ˵õһһ͡
ԼӲ˵ȥҪǿӦȻˡ
嵭վʵе㲻¿ڣҧſӾλ˵ʦ֣⣬ҿϲˡ
ʱЩΣ˼ЦЦǸ´Ҽסˡ
ӨӨ淢ʣͳⲻ𣿡
վűʵЩˣΪʲôѽ
ЦüſЦſڣΪʦϲ̫磬ҲŪ̫鷳Իǣ糿塣
ţͷϻðʺš
뼸ЦӨӨ֦ҲãȻΪʲôЦôߣ
ЦҲǽͣȿȣǶǺСͰʦģСӲһͶҪԡ
ٵʦֵֵЩҪܶຢӣڳԷʡʡ֡
ȻˣҲʡǮʡͼʡ£࣬弦ʡµġ
ϴ⳴鷳ѽԾ糿̫壬ӰһʳĴԡ
ʦ㣬Сʱ򶼺һ㣬һȥʦãĳ࣬
ĽʦһԴӣ֪ʦƭǵġ
ʱңȥ֮ʦһͨʦŸ쿾ʦܵġ
ҪҲסɽͷżöԶʦҲͷȥ
ðɡͣվҲǺܷĿӨӨһۣ⺢ӱʦƭ
𣿡ӨӨŽɵĿϼˡ
ſʼ磺ǺܶҲϰˣžû⣬ʦ־Ҳͼʡµģ
ȷʵҲֻЦЦ˵
಻ΪҪ·ڷзϷ˺þãֲס˲ŻصϢ
꼶ֵĳޣӼ򵥣ֱһ׷һЩļ⡣
ϣվ˵ʲôҲҪҪóԵġ
Ҳɱɱ±һ㣬˽Źǡ
̺վŰϴ⣬Ŵﴫֱʿˮ㣬ҪԴ㣡
ζѾԱ뼸ˣʶʲôвˡ
ҧӿ󣺡أΪʲôôȻô
ڴС죬͹Ľˣи誣ļˣ
ϾҩҲԣʳͲһˡ
ʢ͵ʮ֣θվͷɣӨӨҲһһͣ
֦մʱͻϵļвֱӵϡ
ŵ͹ļᣬ֦ŭңģᣡ
ֱ꣬ӳſڣҪѺŪ׶һ٣Ȼŵſڣַۻأʦ



133 Ǹ˰
誼˼״¶Ų鿴
⣬һײϣ嶯ãǿܿŮ״ﶼҪˣ졭쵰
òˣԷȻԼˡ
վĪһԻӿ磺Ǹ˰
ȫڣͷᣬҰ˵ġղҲʵλѡڸʲô
ŮתĿǰΨһܶ飬Ŀ㿴ܸ𣿡
ӨӨӣһ²ʵҪҪǰ
Ůĺ֪Լʲôһ⡣
ŮҲǸʿҳûʲôʣ誺ɣͼȥԷˡ
ӨӨְ˽ŰѿϵŮ˽ȻҲӣŮڵϼ˼
ϣϵͳĶ˵[ŮħĻӦǸ߽ħ塣
ԭΪֻ˵һ[ҲΪ𣿣
ỳϵͳĻʮϵͳȻֻ˸߽֡
[ܡϵͳʮ֣أ˴ˡ
ɫ任ͣһһɣվźɣһۣǸŮ⡣
課ɫסɣ壬ָһһдħ壬߽ף䡣
ɣɫҲ˱䣬編Ƹվţվβס𾪲㱩¶ݺݵصһۡ
վűɵƲ죬ҲΪһۺܿ
Էɣ˾Ͳóˡ֦Ϳϵǣæкʦʦǡ
⣬Щ˾ôˣŮҲɵˡ
ǣЩ˾ôûͬ𣿺ôԼҲôˣû˹һ£
ɣ廹վɫ糣óԳԣúȺȣٲ˰
Ǹ⻹ӣԲԣ񼸸Ƚϵ
Ȼǵʦ̻ҪĪˣ·ʿǿŮ⣬Ͱ͵ӣЩġ
Ů˒壬ӣԣ
Щ׺ݵӣڰѰӸȻæܻӹš
Ůʲô׵Ķ
ûŮ˽ţ뼸ʯĳôһҼң˭ǿԵġ
ռҲɵӣ誺ɣŮ˵ļɵ·ŮӲǺദġ
߰ɡ극ܹʰ誶Լ˵
ħĿǰǲûж⣬ǽ׼̫߻ħ壬ǸڶԷƤӵҲû취ˡ
һϹĵͷϣ㵽Ҳá
ѷպãŮ𾪵ӣ誼˾ӨӨŮ˻˻֣ǻҪ·أʹ˱
ŶðɣŮǻҪ·Ҳû̫⣬Լճһŵ·
誼վڷϿ뿪ƬطԶŮ˲ͣ¶
ż뿪ķ¶˸ζЦݣһȺСһ
뿪һΧ˿ɣ̧ϵʦ
֪˾ȻΪħ壬ĽĺҲʮӣط˹ȥ
ʲôħ壿뼸˱ͣŵĿɣ塣
ǸŮħյҲȻθߡ
ʦãʲôղעȴͱ˲ͬ
ɣѾ˺ʦϵ˵ͷ˵ţ߰ɡ
˵ӿٶȡ
ǣʦ㣬ʲôѽô˵أӨӨҲ׷ȥ档
߿ʱͱ˴ϵԷվŻ˻ϵķҫ
ôأҲĿǸС
İҪһ֦ĽͬʱҲҪһʱķ
ҲĻһϵķ̣ɲģȥһʱӦûˡ
ŵĶһ˿ɻΪʲô֮ǰû˵
󿴵΢ӦѵĽĳзķ
Ľǰĺ課ͷȻش
˵ĽĳϣӶһɵģǣĽĳϿг֮Ƚʥס׵ĳϣ˼ԴΪµӣأ
誺վҲŹά˼䣬ߵҹ˲ͣҵطҹ
һιʱ䣬ڴԽããɳĮɭ档



134 
ƹ죬˵ɭ֣ɽȴצͬħһѪڡ
ŰԶҪǣǰ˵ɭдޣʱϮ·ࡣ
վͿǰ·ǷдɣϮһ·ֻܿǰС
ŻԼÿĻɫվźҪֱ㿪Щ˼һ
һҹһٽɭ֣˵õĻǾͿ߳ɭ֡
ȴһ֮ǰģʵ䷴
վͷǾǣûЩ˵һ϶´Ρ֤ģܶ඼
˵ţֱڲϻһ£˸ɱơ
뱻һһ˵ƿԡ
ѾԾյأŷӵ̵˼һ£ôһ˵ͦеİ
ӨӨҲŵڿСе㲻ż˵Ļ˵ɭֻǲУû̫޻ǹް
ղһ߰βһߵͷͣǾǣ̫ɻЩеˣСŹˣ
ҿɲᡣվֱ׳գŴ۾誡
ЦЦɣʵʲô
ɣҲ̫࣬˵һİɣеȣȵġ
֪ˡ誵ͷȿյʹӿռóǰõĴͰϡ
ˮͰľͰ汻ӷţͰζˬŨ֭ͨܣװ˼ˮͷ
Ū˼ӰͰźã˸ɾˮվ˵СŪ
ϣվŴӦһ˫ʩչûһͰˮͱ˱顣
̰ѱ飬Ͱ
ӨӨ棺ʲôź㡣
æվŴԼ˼
һߴˮͷ֭һ߻ش𣺡֭ϣȲúȣԼŶͲǵˡ
һ˵һ߰ѵõϸɣһȻֶԼϺһڲȥæ
ӨӨҲ汦һΧľͰƷϡ
⼸ȽҲûϺȣʦ/ʦ誺ãҲֻǺѽ
ˮͳţĭ
극̫ûɽ˿ϦµӵķϢ
һȺ˷ԲĶƤ̾誵գ誺ɣ忿һǵǣ䡣
ȻѾʢʱڣɽʪأϻǱȽġ
Ϊط⣬Ӻһ£ҹ
ܹԼСǵĻĿڣأʲôҽǾˡ
ƽʱĬԵҲپ᣺Ǿˡ
ࡣܹϲİˣһôãǲϲǡ
ǲãǵϲ
誰ɣײ䣬һԳ뵽ʵְ̫࣬·ˣҸ㰴Ħһô
ɣҲ˻⻰ЦƳһۣĲӣҽƹȲСȶ档
ֱ˵ЦЦ˵ֱ˵ľС
ƣҲûв˼սһЩǣĺ˼˵ǻؿռ𣿡
ɣ屻⻰ʵһȣ˼˵һ䣺ѻش𰡣
ʲôݵ⣿ΪʲôҪʳ
˲˼ٺЦڣ´βˡ
һ˲˾ͽ˿ռ䣬ռʱҲҹ˵ķȴһЩ
ĵɴʱ˾ͱű˴Ǿһ𣬴ؾϢһӵȼķΧ
ȦļѼƺʲôĴһС

ڶ죬װ׼ɣ䱸ҩǴϡ
޵Ⱦϼƣ룬֦ĵʵʦ㣬ôôۣǲû˯ѽ
ɣ屻ʵΣֻεĵͷе㡣
Եһۡ
課˼ӣӿռų
ߵġռ״̲סѡ
ţ֪誵˵ͷɣȥ˿Լֽ͵ûϢã첻ˡ
ͳҹģɣûסֵһۡ
ӨӨȴһȻӣԭ
˵ţ˾ͽɭ֣վź̴ͷǰ濪·ʱͻá
ܻסɣ֦Ŀ£Ҫɢˡ
ǣɣں棬ܹɣߡ
һ·ϳϵ˳Ǽ򵥵ͣվһ졣



135 ó
Ϊɭ̫ܼҲƽ誾ûóӣһСƬط𣬴㽫Źҹ
ҹ֪ĳﲻķ
ɣ岻ͷšü̧ü䣬ѯʣҪҪȥռϢ
ɣҡҡͷŴϢһ˵ܲ¶ñ¶
Ϣ𣿡ȴ塣
ɣװŭĿ˭أ
Цſѹ˵ҲܹѽҲϲģҵͷ
ɣʱһһȵĸоգ첲һ£㻹˵
һֺõæϴ˵˲˵ˣҹң
ɣһֱ۲ˣ˭ˣӽеúܷѣ
誵Ȼֻ֪ʱƤһºܿĶѣץˣһܾͺһˡ
ҲΪˡ뵽ܹԲֵ׷ųץɣʱ̲סЦˡ
ȷʵܵƺС˺ܶࡣ
ܹʳӣ֦ҶСԡ
Աȥץӵܿģץһֻһһˡ
ӵڳһűָͷһ񵰣ҪʱȴͻȻƺһ£漴һɫڵ֡
ڵ鸡ֳɻĿ⣬ֵ֮ǰҲԹôû
ţûȥ˿
Ҫĳ˺úϢ
ȥʱɣ忿誼Ѿ˯ˡ
ռҲɻʯͷ˯Ųֻǿۿһּ˯ȥ
ܹҲûȥţĬĬ˵طϢ
ڶ峿ӺҪ࣬˹һڣŨĻ档
͵ʱܹĵø誣ˣϷֵģܲһ㣬㿴
񵰣һĨɻֽӹ
Ȼһ̣ѳ룬һֻżëǰͺͺСͶŰ
СһﳤʵʲݣϸСë紵ңôţ峺޹Ŀ誡
ȦܵĻһۣǶڱЦֵͷСһҿʲôûɣŶ
ȻСһȴֻǵһ壬ſ誵ˡ
һоƤˣʶСһﶪȥҲǣϹ
Ǹ붯СһŸոճǣòУֻͣ£תܹģԼι
Ҳʮ־ĿһĻճǾԣһֻѽ˵׽ҳڵһˣ
ǺǡֻЦЦ
ܹ޹ӣ̾˿ץֻƹɡ
õġܹӦһѳС񶪸Լæץȥˡ
أģȥŸճǵС誸оʮģҲûҪֱӲܡ
ᵽСжʱ߳ˣҺе㵽صˡ
Ȼͬ飬ǿûëСֳֿСɣ廹Ƿϵۣó󡣡
ԼСһ໿أ󣬵󣡡
Ϊޣӳм䣬ˣһط
ԵȻҲĻ
ŴޣҲֻܰο˱ˣԺ᲻ģĺó󡣡
˵ţִӿռóһ澵Լ
ĳ˹֣С񱬷˸ҵĿ
ܹץֻƻСĿҲο˺ˣֻǻûëѣëͺÿˡ
誴ܹӹһֻƣݵСǰ԰ɣҪ·ˣУ׼ϣι㣡
ร֪ҵˡСûжԼ˼ҲٿޣԹԳԷ
СֱӣҲ⣬ȴѵŲСȣԹ˵߱Ρ
סվſʮʰˡ
Ҳ±ԼԴӿռ˸װСĺӣһ¾ͰСŽȥˡ
һ·С񶯲ܹһ·϶ڸСץƣԼż̰īһֻǱ߾Ϳʼˡ
СҲʮֶ£ÿγҪʱ򣬶Сƨ쵽档
ûûûһԱ˵Ҫڱòᣬôȴ³Ȼ
磬һ·һƬء
ﹾðݣﻹƮŴİ׹ǣȴһƬģһһӵķֲ
ľҲŤÿֲĶʹһʮˡ
ɣʶ̽һûзʲôΣղôСĹȥ



136 ʯ
ڼСĵƿ߹ȥʱһȴĴָЩϢĿ롣
ϵͳѺͷͿһ׼Դ׼Сģ
ͺһ̧˦һȴû뵽Ķƺŭʱ伸˾ͱͬСһŰΧ
̧ɼִͬ˵ʳٰɣСĵ㣬ǧɨˣ
֪֪ˡӨӨشһնϼ
ʹٹ֮˲żǰ
ﻹСӣС壬ĿܣצӰʱµ˻ȥ
ڼ˸߳ڣһҵƿХŵľβɣվͬʱתֵ
Ȼȫɵķ̼䱻β飬Ȼ󱻺ݺݵسɳȥ
֦ӨӨղͬ½һ㱻˦
ȻҲ䵽ϣѪ뼸˺˲١
վؿվĵĿͬ飺誣С㣬û°ɣ
ͷһȴû̵ټأ
⣬ţԱߵ
ôȽϿ誺ܿɣ壬ĵʵ
ɣҡҡͷɫصעǰ
վֻܣղʲôôβͣôˣ
뼸ƣҲæʦʦǴͬʱҲĿܣû̫ˡ
һʯߡȻҲûϮǵĶϵͳڣǶѾˡ
ʯ㲻ߣɾʯʯ״ǧٹ֣ǧ¾ܳɾԱʵС
ԭ͵ϮʯߣԷѾԼݣҲأ̧ͷչ֫Ȼ㷢ˡ
ʯߵ˻Ƶͳ˵żϷʵζ
ǰĴɽ̧ͷٲȻһ޴ޱȵʯͷߣʶˡ
ʯȫʯɣµʯͷƬ쳣Ӳͷĺɫͬұĺ챦ʯһǡ
誻ɣս｣ΪʯûƷףҲ֪׺òöԸ
ǹɽһľ壬;Ӧû档
ȻȻǳ˵֣ȻҲܷβܡ
û˼Ҫôʯչ壬޴ʯβٴλˣԹԵģҪٳǣҾͿ뿪ˡ
ֶ㿪һѸɢվλ
ûа飬ʯ߲õۣŤӴվų˹ȥ
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ӨӨһۣ˺ʩչʯȥ
ʯ߰ڶβһɨз׷顣ɣ忴׼ʱȫһҫ۵Ĺʯߵ۾
ʯ߳ʹػζԴ誼״ϵͳʾʯ߸һȽϱĵطʯࡣ
ǿʯͷ֪ʯ㣬誴󺰡
ţ̵һʯ߸𹥻
ַâһɣ廹ȸ𣬲ڻʯߵķ
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137 ߳ɭ
һľ߰˸ٵˡ
ȱȻҲˣ˺ůӻΪԼΡ
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ҪԭʵҲ·ɳĮʱڤȵĵӡ
ΪһЩԭ򣬵ҲЩԹԵȵȵǾ÷ˣֱӽˡ
û뵽·ʱϮʧ˼ֵܽãأ׼ֱ֮ʯһ˺öˡ
һԭжʮˣڡ
ڵϢٵͬǣ¶ȴҲʮܡ
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һúϽſ˵ʧأҪ֮ǰû֪ﾹȻһʯ
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һȺӺˮ˹̵ڸоˡ
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òӳҲʲôɽˣţһΪԼᱻأ
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ܷһôĴռûеģȻˣҲûô뷨Ȼܴżҵߡ
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СҲ¶ͷһֻССţ
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ΪʲôҪôһȻǵر˶̿
˲ϣͣ¡
·Ҳʺϸ·˻Ϣһϡ
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ڤȵĵѾʱӪǳһ
һ˱ֱۣҲмķ˸ۡ
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ɣ岻˵ֻܵͷ˵á
õطַųӡ
úϽŵĵȻڱУҲûеźԾջˮ
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調ռʳкܶ࣬ô죬Ҳ̫ͬ鷳ó˲ʳôȳԡ



138 ζͦ
ʳڤںͷɱĵЩζ
극ϢʱɭֳһȺˣڵˣΪЦ񣺡٣û뵽ǶˣŵĪ˵ˡ
ú񣬵΢ЩŮˣŮʸ䣬ҲֻǼ̧֣ĪԣĪʡ
òƣΪһǵˣҲƵʵǾĪãϵĵӰɣ
վվ誺ɣұߣҲ̲ס˵̥Ŷ
šɣ鵭Ӧһǻش
վҲСԽԽһ޲øȫ¶ӵӡ
ƲƲ죬һΪ֮ȥʶˡ
Сϵëë٣Ȼϸܣٲǳˡ
ֵֵܹ׽ιʱʱҪСķ㣬˷֡
С˯ˡ
ûһ޼ڵҲˡ
һȺ˸úѵĺѣð۵İۡ
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峿
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ڤһڷмЦһСһʯͷʲôΣգ
˵꣬Ϊ֤Σֱһš
ȻҲһ߳ʱԭú˲䱩𣬳Ĵ˲ճϡ
ĴͬܲʹļȡѪҺ
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˱Сŵòᣬ򶼴飬ҲЩżˣ⵽ʲô
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һ߽һ߶˵ʯͷ棬ģǾͻˡ
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誣ûʻ㣬ȴѵ䣬ɣһºˣ־Ҫ첲
誶ÿ죬˸Ƶı飬Ťˡ
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139 Сͼ
һ·֣Ȳȥ顣
оڴֵСıϢ˶һۣжԼ˼
վŰŶϸ꣬óۣƺǸؾ
취ȥ𣿡޼ڵڻңԣ޼ڵĵԾԾԵĴʵ
̰֮ⶼҪˣվû˵ǲȷ浽ʲôһ޷ֿ޻ħ壬ȥ޻ذ
⻰òٵ˼֣Ҳ˵ұʿһѰѰٲΪѰһԵһĸ󣬾ôǸˣǿϧ
ţ⻰деϤ
λʦ˵е͡
쳣һӦǻرţҲ֪һ߽ףóĵˣȲˡ
ţŵĵӰжһۣٿʱѾż⡣
ϵͳЩ˵Ķ⣬˵[Щ˲ģһҪŵ㰡
誺ɣ嵱ȻҲǱģһʱֻվŻںĴС
ؾǵѴ򿪣˼һˣһҲҪˡ
һؾһ򵥵飿ôС뿪˹ȥЩɶһܡ
誺ɣֱϵʱû뵽ڤȵĵӾȻֱͬʱתͼƿؾڡ
޼ںĵӼ״ҲͬʱҶ˵æҪǴ򲻿ؾؾھͻʧ
˵䣬ؾѾڴСŵˮͰˡ
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΢ۣǵͼ
ЩǴڴؾʱľٳʱ򷢶
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վԭصȵɢȥſߵˣ
վŹŹ֪񴥶ʲôǾô˽
ʱ洳Ҳǣʱƿڴɣ壡̫
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ĵŲ߽ѪˣʲôͱС˵
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Ůѹŭ⣬Ŭ侲˵ɣС㣬ؾǴһ֣ǲԼ̫𣿡
Цһվǰ棺ʲôˣͻȻؾҲܲⰡ
ʲôؾʱΪʲôûǣԼҲɣ
ֲɵӣоЩŬؾʱ򶼳
ǿֻڴؾʱǴʲôֻ㹻ˣűؾ˽
Щȫܡ
¶ȴҲ俪ڣʦ˵òǵʱͬʱһǿģΪʲô⻹Լɣ
ϽŵĵҲȷΪǲ֪ʲôȻͬͲΪıǻЩСº֣ﲻӭǣϽ
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С¡ɣޱ˱Լ֮ûмֻ֣ǲŪֶѡ
߰ɣòʧ˼״æһͬ顣
ǻߣռҲûȥ׷



140 磿
ʱ˲ʱ俴ܡ
һƬ˻Ҷȼ˼ߵСݣܵ˯Ļ䣬˷׷ײţ
ǰɣЩʲôôô󣡡
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ҲͷǣȻ죬һɺľ޴ͷ˵
㿪վŴһӵ誼˶㿪
ɺճҺͷݺײ棬һ˱Ŀεվѡ
һУܼ
վŴһǶ˵ȴֻ΢ʹӱŭ
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Ҳ֪ղ䲻Сֱ䲻СˡվҲܲ⡣
ʱɣԺһһ޴ĺɫӣ
ݼֹӣֹʮֺСϡ
󣬵Ȼû취еģýһС
Ȼһӣ˻ûбԭ
뵽ղվҲûԹӣ˵᲻ڹ棿
Ǿԡɣָɽȥһϵľ



141ܲܲҪѻ
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ɣҲûаɲȫժߣûгСסˡ
ڵɽã˷ԽԽŨ
ΪɽѹúܵͣǿˣҪȻڴ˵һʱΣ
վŵһͬã˵紿⣬Ǹõ֮ء



142 ǰߺ
˵ɾ͸ɣֱ˺ʵĵط
誺ɣҲ⣬һմ˵س
ڵɽһ˷ֲҹ˾ͣԶ̫һֱ˯š
֪˶ãԸоͨǵǽڱ˺ܶࡣ
תʼƿһƿ˳ͻƣߵ˸ȥתԽ졣
ֲ֪˶ãԺϵͳ[ѣʲôڿ
Ȼ񣬷ɾڡ
СˣжҲ
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ֻ𣿹֣ȻŻǣվһһǽ̲סƿڴ
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ܵø죬ƽĻǸоԼˣ
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ûüܣһëȻĺӽŵ״ͷƤ
ĳҪɽٵ誼ûбɫľͱϵͳѱΣա
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ҲܣҵȽѵǣ澫ʮְԵȺɫͫݺݵĶŰߡ
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ǳǻһȺҲˣĲǡ
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Щݵûʲô̫ȤֻƤʱЩ˳ԵĶˡ
һƤȲˡ
澫Щ㣬վҲһԸ񵹲㻵
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ǾˣýһǸ˰ߣôҲǶж˰ɣ
ҪʲôվԾúҲԣʵ
óԵģ澫Ҳ˵
˶˿誴ӿռóһѳԵģ淹ʳϣһš
ۣҵģ澫۷Ź⣬һͰжԼĴռ䡣
ߣǱпΪĶ˵ֱת˶
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ûвһ˼ؾ澫˵ķߡ
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С̽·˵˭֪أؾһȺĵطһЩɲ¶ҲûʲôĶˡ
ʱ澫׷֪кöҴȥǰҪúóԵıң
վȻش𣺡԰Ҳñ֤Ǻö
ǵȻ澫߰°ͣǰ·
ʱʹһӸ
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վҲǺǺˡ
澫ͣ˫۷ŹʵҪҪԷˣ


е㣬ǾͳԷɡվǿЦЦҲǷԻ
ɣ誺̼һְ˽׼ʳġ
澫ԵöƤԲ˲ָȥ



143 Ϥˣ
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ţ˱һֽŷ
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誺ɣ΢侲һЩǿ澫ŵӣҲСоĶˡ
ɽӭ㾹ȻܴתҲԽڴ
һȺ˸澫ŵߵһضʯɽͿɫЩĹâ
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澫վڲԶС˵ǻ飬һαһΪȻҲܳ˾ͱˣԼŰɣ
Ȼǻ飡֣һ˶ˡ
ɣ壬Ҳֻڼ֮п亱ĵر
ǻ֮еĴ֮ؾ֮Ϊһı
СǰСӿȻͦ󣬵ȴû١
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ܾʼĴҴܣŴ;Ȼҧͬࡣ
調׼ʱ˽ȥԴԾ𣬼նϪѸٷء
ܿعӿ
ɣ˷ֵսˡ
澫ЩһѲ³һ棬ɣȡʱ䡣
۵ĵĿűŵˣɣŭӿҲ֪ڲ˵ʱ
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վŵȻһվɣߣͬҲЩɻ󣺡ǰ誣֮ǰûʲôôͻȻһ
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誵ѣȻȷǲǶһ޷βܣܹߡ
˵ã֮ǰûи飬֮׹ۣұᡣ



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誺ѹҲǸʲô֣ĵڵϡ
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145 ȥ͵ϴ裬
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̫û˵İ߶û꣬誴ⲻҲˣ٣⺢ӣ֪֪ϰף
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146 ƨ
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147 ȵҡȵȡ
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ǾҲ֪ǲĶ˼ҵĶȥԼĳ档
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ɣ忴ͬ˵Сһ誣۵ıָüۣһ㡣
ôˣʲôĹȥֻںҲֻҪ˶ѡ
ҲΪʲôôϲ誡
ɼʱǵļ¶ҲˮǿĪǣ
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Խ޵ݣòҿȴ˽Ľ˱ø壬á
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誰ξѣ̫ʪԺӵɣ˿ռ䡣
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źŴ·ɣҲ㳹ѣŹԹԼǰˣӺ汧ס쵽ɽһ󣺡Щ˿ܹǸȷڿԺɡ
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ԽԽˡɣĶѣһ¡
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ĽͣɣЩǣסֽͣҲǻ㣬ֻǡ
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ô˵ɣһƬԴҲҲ͸ҵı



153 ˣˣ
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һ¶ǣѸײڶ֮ƹˣķѩֵëˡ
誺ɣ巴ӦѸ٣ͬʱֵһֱΧ
˲ûʹ̫ǿֻд֡
»ɣŸպ·ԺϷŮ˿̿Ͼο֮ɫ
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ɣһȺɻ󣬱ҲǱ˼޻ʵ壬С誣ؾǿڵĵӣ
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ԴصĵͷǼʮˣˡ
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⻰ֱ˧վ˫۳ݵĿŶԷͲˡ
ҲֻСݵ񣬲ԾͦͦʶŮɣϿȥͼͬͬݵӡ
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154 
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⣬һ·Ƿ˳ɣ嶼һһشˡ
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ھɷħЩˣɣ弸˶û壬ģǵȻż
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ͤԷѿŷﻷͬһ㡣
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155 
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˵ţŮ˻ᣬίˡ
۵Ķ࣬ôһѾвΧָָۣ㡣
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156 
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еǰһʼִ誽ҿľ˵ĩ˻Ŀһۡ
ңϣ㡭˵ȴ褴ϣ
㣡ˣ˵һ̺ۣ褴ʱ챳ȥȴʼᶨĿڡ
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誰ϵͳָʾռıŵλϣͨ˿ռء
ֽĽĸһǧʯڳɼ󷨣ռ
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158 ˼
ڶϣ誼˯
ûãŮ˵Сˡ
ѵɣʮֲͷ誻Թ˼
۾Щѵ𴲡
𴲺ϴ磬ٳͣȻƳš
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վż״β;ס֫קȥĳҲһĿӡ
ʹ˻𣬾Ť彫˦ɳȥ誺վűҽɽͷʯʯѣٴδѪ
һ̣޴βкݺݵش˹ؼʱվһؿռ䣬ܿһԭ֮Ҳ
ֿˮɣƹǿԼ֡
һ̣誺վִӿռǰץ׼ʱһնͷ­÷צٳˣǿڵ
ӴˮУѪɫཬĺˮȾ죬վС˵誣ҲŹˣǺö
áǿ˵ͷʬϻؿռ䣬ѾڵƱ档
һһڣֱֱԽ˹ˮС
誣
誣һɣͰ˻
˻صɽ£ɫҰף۲ѣæΪˡ
СôҲĲѵĵվǰ
û¡վҡҡͷһֱղűɵʱ誻µš
ţĵĺ̷˻ȥ
ˮı誻ָЩʶŵĵӣ˵ţְ·Ūˡ
˵ַϻ˻ûõķϻɣ޲ðǹñӺݺһ١
ǿȾѪ԰ӣǺݺˡ
ƽһЩɣջָιҩʪѡ
Ѿٺ˰ǣҲ誵С誣㻹𣿡
ǿЦЦŵûãҿȱ׽شˣǲһܴù
ǰʱҲʮңúõɽ廬£ȻģСһƫˡ
ɣ忴Ѿʮƣ룬۵˵˯һɣʣµ½Ǿͺá



164 ۷
ãǾˡ誵ͷϢ
Ϣһվźܹĵĺˮغӵ
Ѱûˮİա
һϵ˵׳ŵǰ˵ɽ廬ǲǣɽ廬ûпȴһ֣֮ǿôɣ
סˣû뵽Լ˻ѡ
üͷһ壬Ҫڷסº͵˵λ磬Ӧ֪ϾˮûиųҲ޷ӹ˽١
ȴ˫ֱغߵ˭֪ǲǸĹҲǱͲġ
ΧһЩİ⻰Ҳ塣
ʱһֱĿ誻۾ĿɨˣȣǴ˿ˮ׻߱ɽʯȴ𱨣޳
誵ŵӲĪҪŻˣϿأôҲûȥ뺦ǣ
Цһ̧һӣֻһˮĻƾճ֣ӳСľ
ֻӿĺˮȷʵûôС򣬿ȴɽ
ֵĽֵɳ;ʯǻڼֱ룡
˴ʧɫ˫ȷ
ˮĻŻﵭ»Ǻ𣿡
⵱ȻǸղСͨģʥǿߣһΧڣ֪ͨһЩطǸҲ׾ٵġ
ˮĻһַ
ʱһλվ˳誵һлλ˾֮ҵ˺ˡ
ռ״׷صͷ
΢Цŷߣ޷ֻҪƽá
ôô˭£Ĺϳȫ㣡ʱվҲܻһȺ֪ŭ˵
ѩҲͷ˵ǣҼ˷ķˣΪ˻ˣѵȴǲǣĳñүǣ
ֻܹЦһһȺ˿ʼ
ģʦǴˣ˼״ϴġ
мֵ˰ѸղҲѺ˳˶ʦСûһٸλʦ
̰˰֣˰ɣǼ԰Ҳ˭뿴ģѳ鶼ֻܿԼˡ
ЩҲǿúõļҾôûˣԭСǴ˼ʲ¿ʼʱһЩ
û뵽ȻжˮһҲòˡ
ʱ˲ʶԼĴһЩ˺Ӷ̲ס
ҲҪˣԭֹⳡʮ֣ȴΪնɱⲻ
ҧгݣϵͳ[ϵͳҪ˵ˣ
[˭֪أʵҲ޹ϵͳҲû뵽澹ȻǾǸлʹ
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ԭīƣ߰ǰˡ
εīһƣҲ㻤һط˳
İٶɽʱˣһз޵ĲҩŮȡ
սദУͷ˸顣
˺ܿأһҸСҡ
ǺþڷһͷǣϻźɫƬŮʱˡ
ʱСһģϴĴׯ϶԰˵һ޷̵顣
ʱ򣬴һʦ֪£һҪīһҡ
һ죬ǳīڣŻѰ˷޺ĺӣɱ
Ϊ˱ıʦ¶񶾵󷨣÷ĸŮʬΪնȻмơ
ʦֻһаޣ֮˴£ΪҪСŮİ֮ɱīơ
ʵѣ˵īƴŮʬˡ
īһʼŮҲ˲Ѱ𣬾ϼһϰ꣬ʧˡ
ΪŮĻѾڤ磬޷Ѱҡ
ʱͶ췢ģһҪЩ񶾴ѪծѪ
Ϊ˸ɱˣôƱػӰԼδ
Ϊ޳ŮǰԵԲմѪ
뵽Զɽ٣׽ɱЩˣ췣ǱӦЩ๼
ڣǱɹˣû뵽ȴ誵ˡ
֪һкҲʮָӡ
ߵһ̫⶯ĸûһ˿塣
ңһʼҲûҪɱɱ˫ۡ
ǡ
뵽һΪɵı磬Ҳޱȡ
˭˭ǣ
߰ɡţǣŵֶͬ˵
²𣿡վЩɻⲻ誵簡
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165 ޲
С̴Ӧһתȥɢһҽ誵Ļ
ؽ԰Ĵ£ɢһȻ岻ݴǡ
Ҫ뿪ĽŲһ£תɢ޼ҵʵʹǱʿ
ɻ⣬ҡҡͷʵش𣺡ʮ꣬ʮǰ˲ųɼҵ
Ǿͺá誵˵ͷǣɣ뿪ˡ
ɣ߳һξ룬ʵô£
̾˿˵ˡ
վ̲ס̾˿˭˭ˣ
վŵĻԼһģһҲ̾˿ǰ
ûֱ뿪ȷĵطɣ弸˵һ󣬾ˮǱˮס
Ȼˮ׷һȻʯ
˳ʯ߽ȥһھ޴ıס
ȥĸŮʬ廹ãﱻŰ˿Ҳ޸á
ֻŮҲ˫ۣ߾ŵĿɰŮӤҲЦˡ
ӿռųīƵʬ壬÷ӻͷ­ڷŻڵ˴޲
ʱĮùˡ
תͷͿһ͸ӰվԼ棺īƣ
īûлش⣬ֻԽߵǰ棬̰ѵűŮ
ɱ㲢ҵı⣬Ǹһڣɬ
īûлش֮ų̾һˡ
֪ʲôıŮزˣҲսŤ
Ҳ֪ʿһʼûɱ⡣
ֻһ˴ϣ̫䣬̫¶ˡ
ȥڤ𣿡īٴοŮһۣ˵Ը
Ϊޣǲᱻġ
š誵ͷ޲Ӵ廷ű׳ߡ
ȻҲ֪ЩǶ飬ôһЩ
㵹ǲͨôαīƿţҲ̲ס˵һ䡣
ͽˡ誵һЦڤڣϣһڿҸ֡
īһ£ͨͨرһ̣˵лл
лллף
ԭϻˣϣһҸġ
лɱ𣿡調Цһ漴Ҳ뿪˶Ѩ
ߺ󣬱׵ĺ˳һɢֱӴ帲ɱ
صߣ誼˵طų塣
Ͼǳս誵Ϊأվͬ˵òᣬúú
ɣһҩߵߣ£
誻عҡҡͷֱסļ򣬰ԴͷǣҾ룬һ޸˼ʮ꣬ĳȻôĳ޻𣿡
ɣ誵ıޱʱᵭʧȥ׵ʹȴɢ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹһ޷ͻȴ
΢뵽ĸĸۣͬȷʵ޷ͻг͵ñ֮ϲŶԡ
ȷʵӦںϣȻҲ㱨𣬵Ǻ޹ɣϿɵĵͷ
ҵЩˣûк˶ö˵īٱĻ޹֮ˡ
պƽ誾ɣվż
һ·ϣ羰续誺ɣʼսǣ
żһЩС鷳ƾ輸˵ʵҲɽ
һһС
һùϵĴ˳ľ
誺ɣ弸ˣѰһ£Χļҳ̣͡
課ͷɣ壬Ϧϣƻã
˵ĻҲ˼˭Сϱ๫ſںһҹļűСϱϱӳԼ֣Ȼ˺ü졣
ĳĳһͷӸһӣȻ󱻼׷ܵ˷
һģǾȥҾ¥Էˡ
ľ¥ſڣվŶ˵ʹСȥˣҺͰȥ㶫
ãʲôġ誴Ӧһ˵
õİ誣վŹɴӦֺǺǵˡ
誼Ŀ뿪߽¥
ʦ㿴Եʲôһſǽ£誾ˡ
áҲûпȽϤǵĿζ԰ռ˵ϲûһ͵˲ˡ
óϲȵϣȸɣ嵹һŸԼܹѩεϡ
Ҷˣ·ɽʱ򣬿ûвɣʱҲͦϲȲ裬ɫµɫ֭˵
ҲϿɵĵͷⲻС誻Ʋ裬ҵԶһЩ棬ͱϵĲҶζΪһ
誵ȻͬСѯǷֱϲ˵ʱֵ˵ͷ
ڵʱվ˽



166 ʲôף
ôˣվӣЩʵ
վŶһֱһƨϲ˵
һƢƺҲˣԱ첻˵
龰ҲЩˣʲôˣ
С˵誼˶뿪ڣֻܺվ˵
վŵһۣĪģղһϷӮƷġ
Ʒһ֧ƯĽȥ棬ǲͬ⣡ҷƢ˵˦ɫ
̱ĻòᣬվŵĿʲôҸ˦ɫϷҪ칫ӵϷŴֽëʲôϷ
ûԼȥռˣ˼צӶҪ쵽˶֪㣡һҪ𣿡
ʲôȥû˵Ǳ˲ûʸμ𣿡վű׵ȦˣҲվţݺݵ˵
調ٴ˵Ļԭ򣬼˶һӣæסվš
Ҳ̣
ɣ忴ŽŵˣֻЩͷۣѵǵһ֪վɵ
վŽͣСţʦûϷΪռŮӱˣӦ̯һ١
Ȧ춼Ҫˣֻһ˵ͣ
Ůӵʥ󣬾һƽһЩʶĻ˲ˣǻ۵ġ
йֵģϵĽȥôǲǣ
ʦҲǵ㣬ôСſɲܱ˰ѽ۲ǲǣ
վȥˣҲ˼ǻǺȥͲȥʲôװû
ȰУҲƽæû㣬Ǽһƫƫֲߡ
˵ţҲί
ˣʲôʱ׹
Ϊǲ幷ȻԼ
˶ίҲۣ˰ο˺ˣᣬ´עͺˡ
£ɣָվź̸Լһȣ˰ɣ°ίģԸ𡣡
˸ղŵĶԻ;ٶһװ͵ֳȵȫ̿
ĿԹվţûһͱüЦҡҡͷ¾Ʊ
ϵͳע⵽ڴǣ뿪Ǹ˵һ
ղžȻʥװǵĸעǣжʱһݣתͷͿ˵Ӱʧ档
֪ģϵͳָԼ˵[λֵԭһֻ꣬һСеϵ
[Ըֻ·Ĳûôֹۡ
극˴ȥϹ䣬㲹װ
·ϣͻȻ˵ǱȽϽҪҪȥ
ǵȻȥþûȥˣҲ֪ǱôˡǵĴӪܽվһ˵
ѯʹϵͳ֪ȻֻʮҲֱѡȥ
һ۷ǣ·һլԺʱ򣬾ͿСװõ̧һ׵Ľ˻
˱òᣬڵϰϰϵĺţ˫ԲĻȴ䣬ʹ޷
ĿȫǵˣȴһϳԷ¶һĵģ
ӣ缸Ҳ²⵽˶Էݣ
ǸڽýΪƷƭ֪Ϸռ˵ˣֻˡ
ɲã̺ǺЦţ޲ֹơ
վű˱죬ûз
һ뿪Сܿ͵ˡ
ʮȥĽɽǸӣֻԺ˴뿪ʱ²õĺɻ೤˰ϡ
ܱھĿԺҲ³¾ɵӡǡ
ʱһ׷ԲԣݣƵűһŮ˲
Źȣǵǰɫϲˣǻ𣿡
Ųˣϡϳӣǡ÷
÷ǵ뿪ʱѾׯˡ
ʱ÷ҲŶʮ꣬绪ïû뵽תʮȥԷѾߵͷˡ
÷ͷǵ˫۱ˮʪԱŮҪ¹ȴԷסֻܼĵͷ
ңˣ÷ûйׯúܺãˣһ÷˵¾
÷֪޽ǰ޷ټλˣҲźˡ
ļ򰲸˵ЩʲôǺŬṼŬˡ
ֻǵΪأҲóԸ˵÷ǾҪ뿪ˡ
÷ʱܾҲܿģ誼һȻӣ߶߶ǽ뿪ĽɽһС
ǺǶ½½ˣҲ˽Ϊãһ໥֡
һһѾߵòˡ



167 
˼ùĽǣ֮ѡˣѡȥطԺԼ
ĻصĽɽݷѼܹܣȻСţǵĹһ
ĵ˵ˣһͻ˼ҡ
һֱ׸Щӣվûûȥ˺߿ˡ
Ҳɣȥʱ򣬸ղ÷ȥŮָһ˽ˡ
ɫϣŮ誺ɣ񣺡ˡ
÷Ƶò誵˵ͷ÷ĺ
˹񣬶𾴣ǣɽԭĸܹ˹ׯܹ˵ĸԼš
ĸײıˣԾС˽ֹЩôׯĽˡ
̫̫Ůӣɽ˿ӡ
Щû˶ԾׯĽɽģЩ˶ûһĺ
Щ˺ܿ͵õӦе³ֶܹܹĥȻȥι㣬ʿеֶκЩ˲㰲
ɱˣһ˳˳ˮȴ˶ӣҲǻá
ֻǶԱߵӵ˵ͷŰɣ÷ǾˣǷ¹ú
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㲻ѹ𣿡ɣ屾ΪԷĸ״޽ܣǶԷȴǴһ˲
ŮȴǿƲסĿʼᡣ
ɽǿЦЦĸǰȻԾͷ˵һӵΪƵˡ
ڵ˵ĵ£ĸ׼ʮδĸߵʱҲⰲ꣬ΪӺúТ˳飬ϣ
ɽĻɣϿɵĵͷ
ڵӦþʱ϶ˣǿݵҩѡ
ҲȷʵͨͨյΪʿҲܸ̫࣬һ˳֣Ҳһֱӡ
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ôˣãɣӵס壬ѯʡ
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̧ס֣ϸ޳ָһǡ
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誺ɣһЦЯ߳ſڡ
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Ž׷ۺ죬̬һĺɻתЦŶɣ˵ɻҲŰɫ
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ԼԾ֪ѽ˵ţһռ䡣
ռķżֵļӡ
Ǻɣ屻ƵǰһͰϡ
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һһ֮߰£ûһһأһȱߣŹڼϡ
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ﱧŴժĺɻŰûˮ˵ȥǱɣô
̧֣ʳָҡΣòã㿴ʲô
˵ţһִֻӺ̳һĴ㡣
ѩſһƬҶ⣬翴źͺõźɽɫȻƷ衣
ܹһźϴɾУվںɻִݻ̶ʹɱ
ռ誽龡йһŰץȸӵɣӼϱ
Ȫϣڻ͹ɣˣݺݵϿһڣ쵰
һ뵽ղڼϵǸӣ;Щ޷ֱӡ
誱ļҧ̰ḧϸļ̼ǲǣƽʱ
㻹˵ɣһס죬Ŀŭв
˵һҪ誳˸ۣ˵Ų̋ϣֱϣ˵׿С
һԲϾͷ۸Լĵ£ɣְֺޣ޿κΡ
˵ٴλѣ鲻ԽĲӳղӦ




168 
һҹվż˶ûõ誺ɣ˵㶫ҲԻȥϢˡ
ڶϣɣ壬żȥ˼á
¥Ĳһֻ֣湤ĴԱʶЩˡ
ŶģȻҲУһūǣ課żʮ겻ͳΪʥǿߣ׷׶̾ѡ
뵽¥ԷձܹܣһȺٳҲͬοѣ
þòЩˡ΢΢һЦٱ
أɣҲһȦķ羰ʵ
ӣ¥Щ˼α죬ǹؽġʮȥձܹܵĻƺҲһЩ
䣬ԱţȻŽӵķԱ롣
극ȥ¥¡
Ϊʱ仹磬һ¥ûʲôˡ
վѾתϵת̣ĺ߱һ誰ȣ
áû뵽һУЦƱ
ģ˼ԽԽࡣ
СĴȺУһĻŴ󵨵žƺڿǰ裬ֵظϵС㵹ιơ
С㱻Գһĵĺꡣ
Сһߣ˼˵ƣתŸơ
ձһ㣬۰Ͱ͵ĿŮӣע⵽վпҪʦ˳ȥ
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ԴǴ֮ʦûмˣСΪ˲µĴڡ
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̲֪˵ĹϵվűЮɫһȥſ
ڛVûа̧һӾͽ˳ȥҷſ
̱۸վҲˣڛVҴԣ
զΣڛVûа¡
˿ִʱŵüУԱҲȫ
ձܹɫƵĴ˹æ̽ͣᣬʦ㣬С硣
ʲô̲ûˣ誵Ļ˶ʱ
žɲĿˣٴ˵ᣬҼ£ÿСԡ
ǡҲŵòᣬʮˣ˼ûǵһηʿŹ顣
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˶ɢȥվŲİڛVֱԹˣˣ
˵һ飿ڛVûĵļһָ졣
ҹңû״ðˡæվ˿ڛVȭǸ
⻹ࡣڛV⣬ɴֱȥ



169 ֻŶӴӴ
վԴ¶ԷԼ֮ǰɵˣԼɾ涪ˡ
ҺãڛVûֻһվŹƣϷĻˡ
֪ŭԵվţڛVܺá
̿ȥˣվֱƵʱȡ
ҹ˾һƬɳϰ˯š
ɣ誻ˣ̺վŻؼҡ
뿪ѯڛVҪҪȥ͵ʱ˾Ѿˡ
Ǹˡʧڽֵϵĸ磬վ̲סֹһȻٺٵЦţСϺ㰡Ȱ誻㣡
Цʧɣ治ɫĸ첲⻰㼸ʮǰ˵ˣܻܲʵģ
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172 ·ͬѰҪ
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һƬڣҹ˻ᣬ˯εʱԶѻ˻Ͱ̡
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̴һӢʮɫ˷ɺ׵ľװϵͬʽ廨ճʵ֫ϻӣԵùʮ㡣
СҲܺÿѽЦе˵
СվЩ˼ЦЦӶε£ûкúôһأ
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ɽķ羰ʫ续ϡ컨ڴţڻԼ衣
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175 ߣ
ƳһǺվŸоЩʶ˿ȴһѱסٴǡ
صĴϢԽ٣ǵôԿհףЩͷΣѷֵͣ
̽ӵվţŬƽ顣
վžе㲻ͦţĳɰ̱ڻ
áҲûô࣬˳ֱ
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̣ˣ褼е˹
ʦ㣿Żͬ׷ɱһ褣һĨɻ
ܹʶס̵ֱۡ
վȴԼıסʵʲôˣ
ѵ˭ˣ
ԭ̣û뵽ȴסܵƽϢֻżվ˵
ߣǿ뿪ڣʦúһģҪ誵ѹĶ
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һŵӣ褼òУˣϽߣߵԽԶԽã
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ʱһϢǿҲǰ
£վź̹˲׷ʼĩܣ誻ͤԷǱ뾡ҵ뿪
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棡ЦһҲϻһԾͷܵվų֡
оΣձƽվŷתֿȴԷһƻؿڵɳȥݺײ˼ô
Сţ̼״ĿѣҲ˼Էݳֽȥ
ȻվŶǶԷĶ֣ʲô֮Էֻһӣͽɳȥ
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ɣ岻֪վŶĺӺζлعҲæ׷ȥ
ȻټӾߵģܵһɽϣ˾ͱŰΧ
УлѪ硣
ʱԭһɺƵĳȫɫһƵĶżˣǺεɱ⡣
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ϴȺ߳ǴģСѣôżȥأ
ȻʱԷϵЦ誼ôα
誳վŵ壬ΪΣǰλǰǺ⣿
ֻЦЦûʲô˼ֻʵʵţ֪̫࣬㲻á
ѣŶռ䣬Ȼܶ㵽Ҳ׽ٵģʱͬӡ
վŶʱһһ㣬Ҳ
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վű˼ַţǰʹַŭƿ㻹װЩ԰誺õƭġ
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˵˵ʲôɣ屻Ƶһ򣬲ŵĿ
Сţǲʲô᣿ҲɣƭӽֻΪν塣
վŭ̶ˣѵҪִԲǽ컹뿪𣿡
û˵ϵͳҲʱܲʥ׸Ǻ׳ϣ滹ʥ׸Χǡ
˴̣Ҳɵӡ



176 Բ誡
Ȩ֮誳һߣ¡
Ҫһߣվȴͬµ˵գӶȶ֡
Լ֪һѣһΪЭΪƷ
ѾۿŰΪ˸ȡʱԼȥ
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Ǹɱ̣ȴҶڴС㶯ֻ֣ܱü֡
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Ƕԣһɢޣֵ÷ǺôǰҲͬίߡ
˼ּ課У˲仯ԭ壬֮ϣ޵Ӱֵһй
誽棬˫ֽӡʩչ
һ̣ϵͳУһѱذ׺ݺݴ븹ɢֱһƴɳȥ
誣
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δ˵꣬վŭһɣ幥ȥȴס
ʱǿվĨȥǵѪǱ
תڲдΧâĽ
Ϊۣ߿һ׵ʵΣҪС뿪
ȼֹϼ״һһƴ誡
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Сţʹĺ壬ȫѵĶϹǡ
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Ů˷һ˺ѷεĿ޺СţҵŮ
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İǲ֪ʲôǿҵվȣڴʱһ󰧺
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аձͻıŵôʧɫĻ룬Զһ㣬Զһ㡣
ҽڣһŰ£ŮüһУֱܵӰ졣
һ뿪ԺӣڳֵĵʱѾ˱һɵɽϡ
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һ壬ԴǣҲǶĻǣĨǳɵãʹС
ǳ׾ͽĨǳߣӡУһҲض
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ΪʹȻֵܽǲһ𳤴Ϊýˣ̲סԶԷ֡
ⲻǾûиˣСϰһ̥ǻС꣬ʱҲЩ㶺ųġ
ֻΪԽԽǿѿƣͬʱǲòСֻֿ



177 ·ɻ
ҧгݣһһ٣ڣɣ壡
Ÿ׷ŭӣܽףɽ綨ȻҪٴȷѪˡ
һֵ֮ܽУСС˺͸ĸദ٣ҲǸĸÿǷĺӡ
ڰ˷ֿĵڶ꣬ó£Ϊ˸ñֻɱħ磬Ȼɹ𣬵Ҳˣ˯ꡣ
Ϊչ˸ףҲ˲Сǣֻʱʱȥ
һ죬Сŵĵ̱Ұռ죬ɱҰ͸ǡ
һѰңǲҵСţʱСѾһ誵Ůߡ
СӵҲᱻƭԾͰй۲һʱ䣬Ǹ誵ȷʵ
СÿǶЩԹԾûϡ
ЩҲʱ調˼á
;СżΣǼûûΣҲûȥĴ㡣
ֱһٶǰټǽһһԲ
ǸʱǼͥΧرãֻž۹ΪѾ˸ԵǻǸǰ̣Լÿʮһۡ
һž۲ʮ꣬ȴû뵽ٴϢ
ڵ
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Сš
뵽վõӣٴλᡣ

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Ҳû˵ΪֹѪ
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ЩΧסʱˮļƣϵͳĬˡ
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ԳһЦһ̣һǿӿȫҴܣϸС޷ֱӶѡ
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˵꣬ɣһ֣ö۽誵塣

۽׵ǿٴڱŰ˵Ｐ֫ٺ課ҽһ֮ûˡ
ʱ£ɫ԰ףΪ޷ܵʹ鴤
ɣ˼֮ǰ誽ɸ
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һˣٴ˺ڰ
ͬʱճξͱѩ֣ƾǿ׷ɱȴԼȻͥԷħߡ
׷˻ں棬޴ӵֻܴӶɣķ䡣
뷿䣬ſɣʱڴϻ˯뵽˺˵زվŽ㣬ѩֺ޲һצɱ
ȻŻԲѵˣԺȴԷԼҸĻ档
վûµȥ֣ѩֻܺᱧӶ㵽ףʹ廭Ϊεķʱӡ
ַһ壬ڷʱΣձƲʹõġ
һʹãǻ˯Ϣᱻ׸ֱӦȫŻ⡣
Ҳõĵطˡ



179 Ĭ׼
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ŮЦǣ⵹Ҳǡ
Ϊɣж߰أǺһ
üôŹֻˣһӳȥ˵ʲôǻʲôӰ졣
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׼ϣʮ׳誵ʵﵽҪ󣬾˰ȥ
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һ̣пͬƲһƮڵϣûмһ˿
ɣֻ׺䶥ԥܷģ̨̨װԷǰȥܵģ誣誣
̨ϱ誵壬žֵķ誵Ļ඼ʧֻʣһάεƤ͹Ǽܡ
̨Ǳʹధɣ壬ûһ˿벻̣Ȼת˳



180ִ1
֪ںڶƮ˶õ誣һƬĿ
ϤİĻþ޷ֱߵ˳һ£ԹСӣʲô㰡ѽʦ̫ĿΣѧٵˣ
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ʻĹۣٿغȦϪϪ
ôˣǲǲͻȻۣϪһż
ϵ·ͻȻ뵽Ǹʱڣһж˻ûٵʱ
ѹһ˼Ժлϵͳɣصʱڡ
Ϊ˲׼飬ĵõһƷ
ϪСһ𳤴󣬺ܿͷƺһ誣㵽ôˣ
һĨȻЦݣûʲô߰ɣʦҪվ̨ˣ
аɡϪƲƲ죬һȥ
ϤĽһ鶯ӣʱһûյڣΪǧľŶŬš
Ͽ𣬲߸Ьյſڡ
һϮְҵװ磬ЦİǹŰӣ調ҲС
˿̣ȥʦĻĵϰ
ִֻѷʱ׽һ˿ĴڣֻĴӿռóһöʯա
һڿξôȥҲɹʯϵ塣
ϪͬʱյĶſαһת۾ͿһöƯıɫʯͷף誣ʯͷƯŪģ
ǰɽϼ񵽵ġЦŻشȻС˵е㲻ٻؼϷѧҼңж㡣
ҪҪ㣿Ϫʶ
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СŤһ£Ϊûʲô¡誹ǰΡ
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ѧϰ϶Ҳԣһ߳һü˽·
ȸļ٣ôؾͲҪˣڼҪǵѧϰһ߿һʵҪȥҽԺҪҪȥ
ʦѾˡҡͷܾ˸ڡ
ѧУûȷֹֻֻҪҿʦܡ
˵ʦҲ̴ѧأͥѣ͵˸ԺҲ̾ȥ
ǼʦҲ̲ٶ
Ȼ̣ʦɫ˼֣ʺá
š誴Ӧһżһȳһˡ
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صңݲүүͻȻʮ־ȣôͻȻˣڲϿǲǷʲôˣ
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ŮĵĿүүæҵİοôүүʲôˣ
ǰʲôˣүүĺǼ״Ҳʮֵġ
ҡҡͷүү޵Ҫһίȫй
үү֪ŮΪʲôôģֻܱ׾ḧĺ󱳣ḧ˳Ķ̷˹ԱүүأүүأүүʲôҪ¡
˵ţڳֻϰ绰ˣǹԱ۸ˣѳСӺͶϱл
Ϫүү״ҲóֻŮȥ绰ǶԷûнȻŮʱϿΣŵʮ֣ŵڶڿΡ
˺òװο誣ȴû˵
ʱű򿪣ɫ׺ɫȹżĴ߽ôˣСʲôˣ
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Ů׵ۿůҲˣŮ˭۸ˣ
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ֳộڿס誷˼ˡ
ֻſȣͰ͵˵ۡ
̼״ۼˣæ¼飺ô˵ôأ
Ϊ޳ʮһʱСȥ̻ժˮ
ʱϵƱض˶ûпޣһֱοǡ



181 ִ2ǰ֮
ֻǿŮĬӣҲûм׷ʣֻóΪơ
ɢϾһһ飬ƴñҽԺá
үү̶֪ûô򵥣ֻŮ˵ҲûбǱļĬĬ顣
ͻطϢʱﻹеΣü˵ˡ
֪Ҫʲôղ̽үү壬үү﷢һ
үүͻȥģүүÿ갴ʱ죬˾ô档
үүһݴзϸ쳣̶¾Ҫүү
үүǻʹУûÿʼޱ䣬׼
һһҪúػˣ
ţԽᶨ
죬誼ڷŲпվ͵Ŀռ
һƷʯɹﵽ佫ǡ
ʹүүĲϸǿͨҩĵ˵塣
ͬʱʹ÷Լ˲ҽԺֱ֤¡
ڣĸƳǻһ죬ټѧҵ
ϣһȭǽڸ̲סͼ˵ôоøˣ
ְָŮԵ㣺Ҳָо
ֹоٶҲƺ˺ܶ࣬ץС͵ʱС͵Ϊŵ·ˡ
ʱҲ֪ô££Ȼֱӿٽ˵һȭ˴ö߹ǡ
ʱڼѾȥʮ죬ԼĲ֢Ƿβ
ȻĲѣ誵Ŀοֻܰ˼ֻÿʱˡ
ڼ˵ı仯֪عŸĸүүͶιķˣϸ̯ˡ
ϪҲˣϴ͵ʯϴһɫʯ
ɫ֣صɳϣһʱЩǲ誵Ĳˡ
үүְ̣裬СϪǿ˵룬ͷһǰӡ
¶𾪣ЩŵؿǰһУʲôħ𣿺棡
ֻǽͣԼ̳ɴеĴС
ִֻѷǲˣ٣ʹһЩСǿԵġ
˺ϪȻ𾪣Ǻܿ˵һС
ļ죬˸誽ķ
ļˣ誵˼ֿʼƮԶ
֮ЩӣĵһУֻÿҹ˾ʱȴǿһ顣
ϣ誱ͷϢľʯѹôǸɴĴߡ
ִȻѷҲûУҲҵʺһĵطأ
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ͨѰʯ󷨣һ飬һͨ
ӦԲԴԴϵҲְˡ
˵ңҲȻܣᵽɽϺҲʼԼļƻ
ЩӣҲʹǱ뼯ŴеĹ˾ͼ
Ȼ֮ǣȴжԷΪˣЩûʲô
ֻ֮ܿܿһԱƹڷᣬһеѭ
ȻǰǣһвܵõУ˱븶ӦĴۡ
үү˰ᵽɽϺһͷѧ̷誣һϮ黨ȹһţг̿㣬ŵһɽϡ
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ˣԼ
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乴𴽽ǣͽ͵İطߡ
һüͷôûˣַʾĵطﰡ
ģץЩͽһƤףŴӵ˺ݺݵԱߵʯͷһš
˵ˣ誷͵ЩϢע˺ŶЩﷸϢǵʱ򣬶ֽ
¼Ϸɿ췢ͣҡ
dչĥֺ˼ԼŮͯٵʹ˴Ŀģܵĳаնֲ̿
ܿ죬Сǲӹ顣
޴ԾӼңͬʱﷸ˱
ϱһΪոȴְûܲε¼Ǳһߵ顣
֮е課δңֹﷸҡ
Ϊ֤ȷ䣬𾪶ȫİڸʩѹ£¾Ļ
ǱӵﷸȫһЩû鵽ﷸҲץ鰸
ͥ죬УймʮִУʮͽ̣ǾûЩ̫񫡣
н˺ųڰη
˵ÿ춼ɱŹÿ춼ݡ
űؽͱ˵һЦʹһиģǼЩϡ
СҪֻҪǻһ죬֫ٺͷﶼʹޱȡ



182 ִ3
صɽСůſǰץĶŷֽ
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һָǰҡҡŶףֽʿزٵļܣżأ
ְոջõķֽݹȥ誶ְֻô
誽ӹ濴˿ˮһǳɣȻûţҲܰˣ
Ů佱ְֲûнֻǺҪʵѧᣬ˰ְֶ໭һô
ֽҡҡͷֽʷֽ԰ְ滭أ
˵ţ̧֣һһοհɫƳǰ
誽ָٻ滭һģǽڣźһǽӦ顣
裬Ա߿ֵүүԼϪĿɿڴ
ΣϪŻع誱˸Ĵָ˧
ʾ꣬ԱߵɳЩ°ֽͣѧϰֻΪ˸˽䣬ͻ
򶷣ҪѹĶ飬ûз£ջǿıֶˣ裬Ŷ
ѧѧ˭Ҳңů±Ů˧ֶ۷˲˼Ѫ
ֻǰ誣ж𣿡Ϫȴ̲סɻ
ɫҲЩأңԼգûʱˡ
ԼʲôԼȻѾѧửҲΪԶꡣ
ŮĻƺӴһЩδ漰ɴ
Ѿӵ֪һЩ飬Ҳû취ȫ߼ˣԽﲻɾҲٳǰôǾãô񻰹̸Ǽٵ
ըɽԽƵϵ¼ҲƵƵ˵Ϊʲôأ
үүü˼֣ԣĻḴգĿԳɣ
ĻȻ˳ȻһֱߵǣһʱЩ׵Ļˡ
ǡ誵˵ͷֿϪ˵𣿡
үүүүսѣҲһ𳤴飬ͰְҲǴСһ𳤴ֵܡ
ϪѾ²ܲǵġ
˵еЦʱϲ裬ֻ迴˧İְֿչ׷
ôЩְֺ꣬˵ȻҲǽˡ
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ֻΪǸŷϪϪѧϪϪˣǿ϶ġ
Ϫݶ˸ۣҰֻţұˣүү˵ҪְԷ
Ҷ׼ˡЦЦȥ˳
˼ְȥæת뿪
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裬ϪϪô죬׼𣿱Ŷ˵ţ誳һӣ˦ꡣ
ƾճ֣ҵҰϪʱŵüУ

»ҰǱһ٣ֱץͷŭһɾͿʼⱨ

ǣĿҰŵಡҪˣΪ誵ҩֻ費ˡ
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ĴӴܣְʶסŮַӦѸ٣תĹ˹ȥ
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˾ȻᷨҰתܡ
һ֣һɫϾͰΧ棬ֻܱһҶ㡣
ϪһҰ˷ܵĳְֱֵ㿴Ҵˣ
ѷңֻΡ
Сģʱ־һƿ˵Ұһֱ۱צץѪ
һ˫ץסΧȴûж֡
״ʱˣȥץҰһٱᣬϪҲİҰǴֱС
ˣҲЩġ
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÷ֽϵԹӿܱڻҪпᣬ·ϣڼܶɽϮְ֣誶Ѫ
ջʱȻзλҰЩȴÿ
ǲһµʱ䣬ǱܣЩۿɼ٣ЩѾˡ
һֻǸͨ񣬲ûзЩڣȴʵʵڸܵõ
ǰֹһ׮һʵʵģһ¼
Ȼˣת־Ͱ͹ȥˣǸʱĿռѺ
вͬȵԩѩԻֻء
ְŮ࣬Դ̤·;Ҳȷоܵı仯
˱ŮĴĺ󱳣誶ְ֪



183 ִ4
ְ崻Ĵڻָתż˷˼ʵԣɣ
ְ㿴ϪָһŷֽҰϣҰ϶ʱð̣ʹİ
үүһ̧֣΢ɳҫ
үү۾ֱˣæʵôޣҪô
誽͵ʵһʼҲ֪᲻ɹԾȰķҩ׼ְүү̷õõݡ
û뵽Чĺãʹ࣬ųܵĶء
һʼԴżǲʲôϣģԲûиǣû뵽ȻԳɹ
ŻȻ򣺡Ҿ˵ǼϳøʲôһһֱӣԭǹŮɵİ
Ů֮ǼҾͿʼһЩС
課˼ЦЦ
ְȴ۾һĲǲκã
ţԵģûô졣ĵĻЩΡ
үүҲ׷ģǾͺãûϵܺþС
ЦЦ򱻺ԵҰ
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xx־֣ʲôʱ־ˣСãȻ
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ְֱ˼ţǸ
ȥĵһͰºͼ˵ˡ
ְֵ֪룬Ȼ谭ߵ·
ְֳĬһ˲ڣһ
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ƲƲ죬§סĭĸ첲ҺĭĭɲȥصλһɶûˣȻˣҪĻǰæŶ
ĭŵ˵ͷǲϲɱɱȻϹΣճ⡣
ţǡүүҲЦǺǵ˵
Ű˵㣬ɫ񳵾档
Ϊ˸ְֺƣ簲Ǻ͹
Թıֵʮľ
ŵϪװûǵ𾪣ֻǴż˽ȥ
誻һɫӼҷϲ裺ְֺԹ鲫Եȡ
Ϊ׵ϳŮȳŮЩнʵȥ𣿡



184 誣һģ
ֲʱģǴ˼ʮˣֻƽʱʮֵ͵
ȻԹԽԽ࣬ΪֹĻǽǸ
ΪϲʽʧȥУһȻк³ʬҰĴš
ȻҲǴţGʡһɱһسǵİգ㾡УԪ˲ſƷ
ԹǺ»ǿʮֹ
Ȼԡ΢΢ףǴѵҡ
誱ĽŲԺ
̤Ժһ̣ܳȻ仯ԭķ羰ڵĿռ䡣
о˵ľɣ誵ͣռ䣬С᳡ɽתʶԹս
ʱ䲻ʧԱϽĵһ̶ȵѹơ
ΪŮȻһУҲ֪ȱʲô
ԸԸ̣Ϊ˵˳ֵ¡
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ܽˣֻСѣֻʹ÷䷨޷޳һֻȻ漴˵
ܸоСһֲĳ졣
ˣֻǵһЦ
üëֺڳһĶһСڣ£
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Һ֮ǰ飬˶ͨԶ˼ϡ
ְְֺȻͬ⣬Ҫдϵʱ調óļҸһķһ׭¼һס
Զʱ־ֳûбټľϲͷԣļһ¡
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һϮɴȹһĨħӡǵɣħоٵĳ֮ϡ
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ŮվţֻԭںŨܵĳ˼ƺ췢üϵĻʹ˼صʡ
ֻһھͱ¶Ը񣺡ܻ𣿡
ɣЦһмɨһۣô㱻ƭûң
վŲŲݺݵĿŶԷҲŲ㣡Ҹ˺誣
ɫ֣ƤҰ׵ֱס˻꣺Сţ𼱡
֮µӣȻԱ˵̡
̣ɣ˼صǰ
꣬誵һȱ
ԼõҪ𶼲֪˭
ʱվŵĸף֧֮ĵ۽״ţҪɱΪվű
ڶԷҲһս֮ץסҪȥؼʱ̣˼־
ԭ˼ıǰȡ˵Ƥαװɱ˵ӣͬʱΪ˶ԷӶ̳б˵ļ䡣
Ƥĵ֪Ĳߣ֪һʼĩҲ֪ûвһС
˼ִܵʱһҡ
öӰ飬ƺΪ˵һ㡣
ʱܿƵ߹ȥһö



185 ʱĪڴ
Ӱ鸡ֵĻ棬Ǹ׵ħ޶Կħɱȴ˵ĳ
ʱʮľٿǵĶû뵽һ̣ﾹȻ߽һˣ
˵òһޣֻ븸͵ʲͬԷüǲزס֮
ⲻ뵽ȥĴ󲮣׵˫硪ɣ
Ȼﾯɣ˿ں硣
ȻɣȴԷвزסɱ⣬еɣҲ˲Ծ
ܣһȴͻȻֵɣִ䣬³һѪ
ɣԲţͷĿŶԷΪʲô硣
ɣƺʲôЦЦЦǺǣΪʲô
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ɣ˵ҧгݣһһĺ⣬ʱһ˹һĻʱУʲô
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187 ɣ壬
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189 ҵСŽ㣡
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ûǧŬ˼̫ƽӣ
˵ţǶԸħֿڤȵˣܶԸˣ



190 ڣ
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һ϶ΪʲôܹܣѵҲ𣿡



191 Ҫ
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195 
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šӦһӴ
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߳䣬ͿƯĴŮںһɫš
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վת誵˲Ȧһ죬ֱ˹ȥ誣
ֽס̲סŵ˼£һЩ
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Աߵľ̴ʱ͸˼ʮһǾ壬һ뵽վʱģҲûбֳһ˿
һվ֣誵ӺʵԭôôСűȵéݻСżѽ
ֲ̧µ͵ԭжʮһˣΪ˾үүصʮʱʱڶأ
˼ѧϰһȥʦҽ⣬ʱˡ
ʮ˻ڶ鰡վЩȣ󵽵ʱ벻𰸶ãȻӡ
誵ͷţһҪʮʮꡣ
Էɡûûˣ廹̲ȥ
վһ§ס誵ļ򣬴ȥߣ϶Űˣ誸ʱԲģ°Ͷˡ
ĬСʱ˺վš
СţҸǴϣ誴ӿռóУԭǴ֮취ǣңǶˡ
˵ţȦɬѡ
һжȥˡվż״ֱۣϵĺӴ򿪡
һڽɫҺеϷ棬誰̣дС硣
ѺӷŽɫɳƮ£ֱվźһĳ
վվںɻ￪ĵЦţվԱץ㣬۶ֻվš
ۣģĳվ̲סޡ
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صִ֮󣬾ԣȴһֱá
Щ棬ˮûʵ´ӡҸܰʱ⡣
һҲοָ֣ܰḧŻϵվš
ԼվȲȥǷݣ̿ġ
Сÿĵӣ;įһԵӣ誴չȥ°ͿЦеĿ𣿡



196 ԭǲִС
ĬĬץУɡ
š誵ͷһƬˮ㡣
ʦû˵ˡ
վֺĿڣ誣Ǹʦôİ
Ȼ극㿴Ҳ֪ôͣϰG̺͸ʵ硣
׼ЩֻΪһҪǴɱ䣬취ռ䣬ڿռűܵѹá
˭뵽ֻǶħô򵥣ҲСÿ
ܿվЩɻ󣬲Ǹһ齴֭㡣
ҲڿڣҪȥռ𣿡
áҡҡͷ
극һӼϺɫ̰æϺʵë̺
Ȼ110ӢĵӹȥӽͻԴ̡
ŻĴӣվʮ־ȣ棬Ȼᷢ
ԱߵȴСף誻۵Ĺ˹һɫָǵĵӰȻ߿
ŻֻʣվźɻΪʲôôˣ
ΪʲôǴ·ộ
巢֮ĸôܰͷŪ
Ǹɫͷ𣿡
ô¥ǲر𣿡
ΪʲôˣҲûѧúס
ִû˵ˣиеѧΪ˷̷
·죬Ǹ¥סСÿҶֻܱࡣ
ڼһһ֮䣬һԴ¥ŻؼԽԽŶϾͿʼ·
վһʶۣ¶ܴķ϶͵Ļ
̿ÿڸһŮһŮϵĻ档
Ů˵ʹ쳹䣬誺;Ҳûõȥ
Ӱû֮һ誾ͱˡ
յȴֻٵѧϰһ֪ʶŵļԽԽ˭ҿ˭
һߣ誺;ڻë̺İϾӵǣ仯ǰе誣ʹȡֺá
ֻǾȴı仯̲סЦڵǺˡ
誻һ̱ϣȴάԼϡ
ʲôķһѾʳָ󶯡
ҧסĵĵġš
κλǶסķӦԺֱԸĨ
һߣȵӰ꣬͸κ߳
·һ䣬ٴδСèƵĵ뵽ʲôιϵվʵں氢誺ʹС˭˭Ρ
ƴֽͱ۾ߣܿܿСŹԡ
ȻվѾŤ֫Ļ棬ȻֻһӰͼһĿ
Ŷ
ԭִС
ڵĶԽԽͬʱϸ߷ӵű˴˾ƽϢ
屧誵壬컨񣺡誡
š調ϣḧֱۣЩã֧һǡ
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Ҳûûһֱ𾴰ΪھȻһܡ
ֻԼʱܣҲԼ̫޴̫űˡ
㡣ĴܸңΪζħΪ𣿡
⣬죬ȴ޷˵
Ƕ˶壬ɺãĻﱧ㻹ǵ÷𣿡
š֪Щ²˵ҲûǿֻǾԸ˵¡
һߣҲҺĽĵһĸףģǵĸס徲͡
ȴĽģ
šͷ
ǲ˵һһŮôǸŮ̲סЩɻ
ͣħûԱŮԿޣŮĹһ޷ˡ
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ǺħҲĽĵֱʰɣ
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䣬ļο屦ԣȥˣǾͲҪˡ
ʵʱҲѹҲ˵ģǺһվǻһл롣



197 Һе򲻹
ڣһҲΪ˲ٿأȻܹ
ţ˵Ҵûйֹ㣬ֻСһ˲䣬Һ޲ɱˡ
崹ؿû
һ֮ٻең˵ڵܣ誻ִĿܡ
Ϣ֮ʯãþʵ
뵽Сǣһʯ֮žȥ档
Ϊ֮ļһٿһɫӰֻܸû뵽ȴ
Ǵûаۼˣ̲ס̾һ
˳վֶԪܹ誣ŽһȥһˣҪҪһȥ
ʶս֡
뿪ع
˼ЦŶվ˵ǾʱȥˣҪǳȥˣӦҲȻӡ
վƲƲ죬˵Ŀ˾һۣΪʲôͱ誣ĺǲһģ
վ֮䣬ûпڣЩǸ˵С
ǡֻǵش
˵֮ǰվȷʵǺǣȴûָоаɣڶ˵ķϣҾԭˡ
ܰˣ˼ѹĳųôҲһİ
˵壬תƻ⣺Сţûпѩ֣
˵ѩ֣վиһĨмǱһһֱһ𣬵ħΣأʵ̫ͣû
ţüû˼֣֪ôˡ
˵ܲٲܲٵһӢͦεӰ˹
˼֣һ˿ɱ⣬֪
뱻֪ĸױǸ۵¡
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һɣɣһģһֵͬܣɱɣݣɣʱɱڣɣˣҲˡ
Ҫ˻ڵʱ򲻸Ͻ˵˼־ܼ̫ܿ
ʲôԶʱˣ·ʲôݺ߬ѹ
ԭ
뿪֮Ȼôʱ̡
Ҳ̲סһѱ˾ݵ壺Ϊʲô˵
ûʲôˡ崹ش
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֮⣬˼ΪԼһұˡ
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վ˵Ļÿһֶһ誺;壬۵һḧĺ󱳣Ҫڣȴ֪ôο
Ѫᣬѹǣһзʱûߡ
룬ʱһѶá
ǵʱȴֻĽĻСˣǴϵͳĹߣָʱԼ˵ʲô̼ˡ
ţҧڣСš
šվԼѹӦһ
һһ٣úԺĽһδһΡ
վһҲӦĽģɣ´μ
ʱſڣ׼̫ҽ׶Ρ
վ˲ŴС죺ǸǴСԼɣҺе򲻹
׼㣡
ҲĬĬջظղŵĻԾʲôʵ
׼ʥڡ嵭ش
ʲô׼ʥڰʥףܰɣվż˶ʱ档
Ƿ׵ı׼˶Ҳ߾硣
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ˡ
˶ʱ˿ڿˮ
ҲεĸЦǺǣԭЩ׶λС𣿡
֪ҡҡͷֻ֪һɱɽ׵ġ
׼ʥ׶ʥ˽ǲرడվֺʵ
ҡҡͷûӲףҪѣΪ˷ӡģ˴߼ɣʣµĸΪ塣
֮׼ʥΪʵǶħƿس̶Ȳ׼
׼ȷ˵һǴ
ֻϧħԶҲ޷ңħ
վ֣µߵǰϿҵ˵С㣬Ӧң´ĽǼһһҪһ٣



198 
˵ɡ嵭شһ
ϣ³һӺòˡ
ûʲôʳĶǻԡ
ȥʰʱվһƨߣС㣬һ˵ⰵյħǰô죿
ʿһֱħϢѵӰָô죿
һ⣬ѾʵøӳĬ
ôһôãֻҪǹ誺̵İΣվŶԿģ
֪룬調϶㣬Ҳ֪Ƕʧȥ˺ܶ࣬˻ҪǰɣҲ㳾䶨Ϊ誵Ժ㡣
˵ţֻʲôʵ˵˭Ҳҷ
ֻǣûȾشһֻɫѻͷɵǰѻһɫ꣬ž幧񣺡ħ롣
šӱǻ߳һӦѻٶȷߡ
վ̲ס磺òȥ°ɣ
ܡ岢ûе¡
뿪عǰԪһʩ󷨣ʹκζ޷ٽع
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ǷŭӴħоѹҲҧš
ֺħŶ˽֣Ҳ߱Ǳߡ
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һ丸ףǿ֮ĲΪѣҲһ顣



199 ϵͳҲ״
ȻȻĲףȴ׼˼
ȻпѪĹ¼ﲻһֶԸ
Ҳᱻơ
忴Įʵ̬ȣһ̶ϼȡ˾ģɹΪĻ֮顣
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壬ƾһ丸׾ǲܵģ
ȾصعͿ誺վֽƣϻ˼ֽ
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誰˼ӭȥˣôûΪɣ
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ʱ250óи취˿ȥռ䣬ռȻΪռӡֵĹ죬˾Ͳ᲻ˡ
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̲סЦˣϵͳҲָ
ϵͳʱΣҲһ˵ϸ˵ǣΪʲôϵͳҪǰĹ̶ʲô



200 ΪˣС
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誺;嶼ûʲôȴû뵽ϵͳͷС
ʲô취˶ʱ
ϵͳͣʵҲܼ򵥣ꡢȸ񡢻ЩѪԻ⡣
ֻҪһѪ˾Ͳлĸоˡ
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ˡ嵭Ȼش
ȸ̲ȸԪ
ħһ̣ȸͷ¯ȥ
250ʱ˵ֻס֣ңǳ극Σ
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ڣҲ˺
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Ȼȷû£վҲˣһƨڴϣһЩһ¡
û취ⷿһŴӶûУǲϰɣ
뵽ԪĻվ̲ס²ۣûǺˣ



201 Ӵ˼ҿɡ
Ҳظ˿žɹ̵壬˸Űģû¾ͺãһΪ
屧ű٣ʱƣĵ誻ĿϢ
һֱʱȥŻָ
Ϊ֤ǲãվݵһ뿪ħ硣
ֵ磬վ£ȷʵûִĵ׵ųͲʸС
»صȻӣίǽǵϵͳСȥǸСͳСͳ
250Ļһ䣺Ӵ˼ҿ濴ңôˣĸ
֪˼ӣӿռóһ޷ǽһᡢһ˲鼦ȵʳʳ
ദôã誴Ҳ֪ϵͳڿϵ»ԲŵζЩִֹʳġ
Щֺòס
Ȼϵͳһʳסߡ
ǿдԺа룬ǿŪƤڣûԵһ˳ԵĶأ
뵽誶ĻɺͲΣǹֱ֣˵ҲŵķҾԭˡ
˵һ飬ҺһģҪ£Ҳֲ˺ãҸûҪǣ
ǣ֪ˡЦеĵͷ֣ص˵ҲãǸСͳԲ𡣡
ô꣬ϵͳܶ࣬ȻҲ֪Լû
ڿʹ̱һ˲䣬û취ơ
ûϵûȻԼǸϵͳһ²ſ˵
ʳ۷Ź⣺Щҵģ
վҲͷģһ޵ġ
ҾͲˣϵͳ˴ֱ֣ǹҵķǽһ鱫㱧ſС
ű㶼ͷˣ˶Щ̲סЦˡ
ϵͳŵñͷһ±׽
Ŀɿڴӣ˵Ҳ߰ϵͳϵСϵͳһ߰
˹ĳĬΣЦЦͷá
ƱҲϵͳ˵лл
250ֹܳžƱæԺҾͺˡ
岻ݸֻҪ㲻誡
ţϵͳæŵͷû˵ϻ
ŴõϵͳվŻ̲ס棺ô࣬й׶ûУʱô
ϵͳһ£˼ĵͷҸˡ
˵ţգ巢һ⣬ڼ˵ע£һСһƨۡ
誶ʱ¿ӣάò΢Ц
嶯һ£ȴûǿԼЦ
ۡȻͻȻƨۣѩ̲סѵĿֻСʳޡ
ðɣƤ޶ҪûԼĻ֡ϵͳٺЦţȫûע⵽ʧȥʳļˡ
ûһֻˮ鿣Ⱦƣ̸δ
ͻȻ뵽µվŴӴָٶ˰誣֮ǰһֱŪһƬҩֻûʱҴҽʦԼ˰ɽͷɲݡ
Ū˲ҩ֣һɾѩ㿴ܲϡ
ӣʮָжл
˵ллһ۵˲ʵ
ҲѴָĶý誣Щɡ
á֪󲻻ˣҲû︺£ż¶һЦȥ
߿վʼ磬ûоܾ
ռ仹һ˱ĵļ䣬ûִ̫Ķ
Ŀռ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôóĹҵõ̫鶦
ôˣ誼״ʵ
ûлشֻһ̫鶦
һ̣ѵ̫鶦ȻһǿҵĹâռ俪ʼ
ߣ誺³ʲô£ʶǳȥȴס
ϸȥռ侹Ȼ̫鶦ϵͳҲ
Ȼ̫鶦Ƭܿ챻ռմԭնʱľۿɼĳ߳
˺ܶ࣬ɽγռƺϵ誾ſռı仯˵
㿴ֲˣվҲָŲ԰˵
ռ仯óۣռٱˣԺҪһܶʮꡣ
վҲԭֻǱɽ緢ĶžʵС㣬ô֪̫鶦ÿռת䰡
嵭̫ͣ鶦ƵԭǿʯϢǿʯɴʱ⣬Ϣ֮ǲɶõƽĺˮɴ
ԣλϴ̫鶦Ϊ˴ʱصȥֻΪޣûгɹԲŷ˴˶
誶ʱȻ򣺡ԭˣ֮ǰ̫鶦Կռ޷ɣ飬̫鶦ͱõķԿռŻںеǿʯϢ



202 Ҫ
Ȼռı仯ֹˣ飬ԭֻľǽֹľݵ򶼱˱±ʵĽֹ
Ϊ˼¾ƣ課òѾƽѻ˸ط
վż˴һƬҩûһˣɴӵ
վŵĴߴ£ѩϵ˼Ѫ
ܵ޵ְ֮ѩ֮ϡ
˲䣬ѩŻ꣬мһѩɰһŮͯ
ֱ곹չŮͯ˻껨Ҷ·ױһɫСµĿɰӡ
˫ۣһ誵ķ¶ɰЦݣˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ߸Ųٿɰëףĺӵǵһ
žһ£ͷѺõ΢Цã誣Ǿ壬һˡ
ѩǧ꣬ǣֻǸСࡣ
ܵİָյԴһûأ
û£ˣһ¡վϲ̣ôɰСһ̲סճ˳ÿɰۣ
壬ɡ塣
ͷС˵˵ϣԢΪϣֹۿʣΣ
أллˡСһܽܳһʱ䣬һֱҽݵҩ
ڳõ̸֪Ҫ˵лл
ͬʱҲ֪ҪƯҪԼԼҪһҩˡ
ѩ»ɰæǰ棺Ժɽϵҩݶչˣûɣ
ûģһչ˺գһؿڴӦ
е㲻˼˵ֻˣҩҲҩΪʳҶ˵ĻԳ𣿡
ݸһЦȻԡ
ʱֵĻûԵĶ࣡˾ҪˣѩֺߺĲڡ
׵ͣգչݣǳúܺõģֲСԲ̫ġ
վſѩ۸СûסһȭͷϣǣɽҰҩܱԹⲻɣǵ֡
⻰Ƕ˵ģСһݳԹ⣬ЩݱͲ࣬û˾Ҳ˰
šֹɵͷ
æص棬˲ŷȻһλ͡
磬һˮԱߣɫز֪Щʲô
ʦ㣬þòϤĺѣЦʺ
ɫƳһۻ˷䡣
þò֪ųԼǿ˸΢Ц
㣬Щллչ˰̡վѾ֪籣ס̵Ļǣ
ȻѾһޣûʲôڸҪˡ
̾˿ӦģֻǱǸûаǡ
ôء課ЦЦڱ٣Ҳͬɢˡ
ͬǺ˼ڻ¶İ㿪ڣС誣СţؽڣܲܣҺʦ˵һ
誺վŶ˶٣ֹ֮ӣ˴Ҳ⡣
˲˵˵ڵĳϺǿѾ𣬿ǲٵҲǳ޹֮ˣڱ٣޴ȥˣС誣㡣
ݻٵŵڶ޽ȥЩûŵҲսսʱ׼ˡ
ѾõӦеıӦŵĺƽҲýǡ
誶ЩģֻûоܾҪ󣺡һ˵˵ġ
лл仰֪ɹһ롣
֮ʱ䣬û˵ֻ̫࣬Թ˶
ûã뿪˷䡣
岢ûڷ䣬¥¹
߹ȥӺ汧ס
ȵϢžζڶϣһ̽ؽڣ
誵ͷľ䣺ţֹ𣿡
Һθɣֻǵشתӵס誰Եϣʱ˵˵£÷
誱˸һ䵽ռĴϡ
͵ļӣ年𴽽ǣֱӰ誱ȥ
年ĺǣݾ˵ϲĵط
һżӣһֱԴǣϲ档
ˮתһЦԸеշתǡ

һߣȶվű̱˷䣬봲ϵʱʶס̵ĲӣߣҪҡ
ǵĴǣá



203 ʲôꣿ
õĴ𸴣վֹӰѹڴǡ
ֻţȻ֪ſڶԷ˯˹ȥ
ŵɰվţЦЦһҲ۾
ڶϣڿۣյվţڿ誺;岱ӡʱԹˡ
õĻᣬȻȻ˯ˣ
ĳԹӣЦˣϺãλꡣ
ʶⲻʲô佱վѾѿڶʲôꣿ
ͷڹꡣ嵭һ䡣
վȭſһӡ
誣˵ͷų׷
ߺվƵȥ誣ˣǲ֪ô¿ڡ
߲лֻǰ˰֣һ
ϣվŶʱϲЦտŹˡ
誣ҲƨƨߵȥҾ壺ţǰһΣ
񣬾һûлش
ҲĻϲڴȴʧȥԼİˡ
ٶἰĪһ˿ֻš
調ųͲæס㲻ϲǾͰѼﲼһ£һԶٷأ
š¾嵹ûٷԡ
һߣվűȲص¯ϣȻ°̽˽
ںɽԹĺæʵôСţ
ûѽҾˡվЦеĻش𣬱˲䡣
ʱע⵽㣬ʲôͿվɫ糺죬٣ԼԾĲ
û˵վž̧ͷĲ
ҩԷЩܵûע⵽ûܵӰ졣
ķӦ㷴Ӧ۲ѵǻӦ̧¯Ķ
ܿ죬ø̲ˮһվŻԽ̰ġ
ûоµѧ쿴ĳȡãĽ⿪ͬһ֬ļ̲ס̰¡
ƵһκĸŮӵĽһɲǣϢŵú
վҲûõȥ˫۱֣Щָ߬
Сű¡˫ۣһһ¡
УվҲ·ڱ˲鲻Խס
״ĴŵԽͶ룬һְվŵȣź
һ߹һĴϢһ㣬ʵûסֲͷڴҧһڡ
ţۡվûסгȴû뵽ðԽ
СŹԣСű£ءһ±ҧĵطͷɡ
ڴﵽ߷ֽ֮סվţǣ޳ĴŽ壬һ顣
û뵽վôȲֱж
ȥ˼óԶȴſ䴫վ̲סʱҡҡͷ
Ŷô˧СžȻѹġ
Ȼз誾˼ȥ˵㶫͵ϱַ
ֻ൱Զʧȥһߵǿƣֻܻȡãĥ
ڶ죬ûỹڷˣľ鿴һûȥġ
ѣˮźըźгԡ
źںŴ׺ģζܵһº
ϻȥ誷վԺ汻һϣĿԺһۣڶǲ̫ˣ
Ȼ֪ǡ
ں˵վͿ޿ʼģǴ޽ţҲ֪ƣȴһ˵黰һ۸
վԽޣ̾ԽƲסԼ
һδθ߷嶥ߵվţ֪۵û˯ڳٵѡ
죬̤䡣
վһĶ㵽誺;ķ
զˣԸĨüʵ
ʲôԣұԵùͷûˣվŵ˵ӡ
ƳһۣⲻҪͻƸ߽ޣﵽ鰮ۣ֮㻹ʲôģ
ǣ˾ˣһԸͺˣһҪôǿưҲЩ⣬СƢİ
뵽ʲô˵˵ˣЧҲʦ㰡
Ҫˣ֪𣿰ǹޣûȫǸӰģտʼͰˣȻ۸ݣ˵ţվί졣
̣
޹գգۣĳļ򣺡ôô꣬죬͵ְɣ
ǽʵʵŷȥŰų˰أ˵ʲôˣ



204 񣬷
ָڵĶ˶壬ˣܹ
վȴ˼Ŀˣܶ𣿡
ЦЦû˵ֻļ
̻㵥࣬͵ְɡ岻ʾҲζ˵һ䡣
ǺǡûסЦˣſϡ
վŶ˷˸ۣίվſڵ̵׻ˡ
ᱳʹʵöֱ֣Ҷˡ
˲о磬ȫʻʢæ߽ȥվţֶ΢΢ףˡ
źͺո۵ˣЦҡҡͷʵ죿
ھƵģû뵽վź̳ڼ磬ԾƳ졣
š˼˵ͷ
ϣ誺˼ֻѩֲúԺӣϺɴʹϲ֡
ӵվż״Ҳæ̰æڼ˵æµ£ӻȻһ£ϲķΧ
誺;˴˻ϼ£ױ硣
ż¶ˣľ壬̲סֱϣôѽţ·մȥҾ˺ˡ
˴˱˴ˡͷϲһ֧ҸܰЦ⡣
ʱһ˻¥ȴͬü£ͷڷϵվź̡
ǣ֣ҸĿһ𣺡誴С㣬һɻѽ
ȻáȻһЦǣϲá
ϲϣֻй磬˼ѩ֣Լձܹܼλˡ
źͺò׵ˣ˼οף
Ȼ죬Ǻܿһ飬Ҳûжԡ
ۿʱѵѩֺϵͳΪϵŴϲ񣬸Ǻøͷ
˼֣ԾλˣЩŵĸڣϣΪ֤壬վʽ棬Ϊ£Ӵ벻
һ˵꣬ٶȳһء
һתŻһݡ
ݸá֮ϲڣֻǼжгĳϿߵݡ
ͬʱԶħľȻ˫ۣΪܵǲСŮڰã
ȻЩŭһ뵽ʱŸðʱȻԼǵŭҲͻȻɢ
ͷ۵üģֺΣŮָһôûа취С
ԶߵոȴֻǴ˸磬ĸоеġ
޶԰ݡһݣϲá
ɡһ˵꣬˼ʶ˿
ɺ󣬼λƯСӾ˱˴˵ĺͷŹԣüĿ续İˣ誺鲻ԽԼš
лл㣬塣
Ұ㣬Сš
վź;ͬ鱧ԼİˣǰûۣԾۿã㻹ڡ
鲻ԽĻ˶پᣬ̺ձܹҲֻúòס
ѩΪ˱գĵķų򣺡ˣֶɣ
ûĿһۣûԣϲƻûȣʲô
ޣǿϯȣѩֲŷӦæ˵
˵ЦȥϣȻ岻Ըٰ죬誻Ǿܵá
һϯԵҹκŵײײ¥
ȫεľ壬̲סЦˣҲҺôˤˡ
㲻ᡣȴʮֿ϶
һ仰ǵ誶鲻ѣûüʳָ󶯣ͱԸĨ
ȲҲСչվţԡµʱûסԡͰݺ۸

ڶ죬誺վŷţһۺղƿĿ⣬򶨡
ֱץ
صڣʣµ˿ʼš
ż״ҲʼСķԼĴš
ȻͰ಻סſʼ̰צӡ
ʱ誰챻òϱŲȥ
һֱϢĹͻȻȻӣ壬С誣ϴܶ಻ǵԣСŵĸֶ
˵ţֹ
ǴģħΪ飬Ϊʿ誵ʮֵҲ֪ЩڷϻʲôͬʱҲԱѡ
ڰ£ԽĶ˵վ̲ס̾Щ治Ͳ´С㷢һΣ
誵棻ڿʤɱһһ˫ܴӸԴϽ⡣
ô̧ۿ
ȷʵһ뷨ûлرܣӭĿش
ʲô뷨վҲĿ
調ž壬һһ٣һִ
á弸ɡ
վϿհһ˲ǡ㲻Ҫˣ
æͣôСţںηԶĽ㡣
ֻħλħעħ綯飬ֻǸɹĿʼˡ
Ȼǲ£һһıչĺܷ
˵ţ򴽣һиĸˣǻڵңʵʱ
Ҿ͸ϵͳ̸һ治ɿƣһڿռߣϵͳҲӦˡ



205 ǻ
ûҰվŶʱɬޱȣԭλʱȥ׼
߹ȥסļ򣺡ôᣬֻСţʦ㣬м˸ĸڵ㣬뿪׵飬޷ô죿
վŶǲˡ
֪վź᲻ǣҲνִʮֺ棬˵СʵȥȺͲĸһ£
վȴ誡
Ҳ˼˵ĸãҲԸ⣬ҵȻʮֻӭ
̺һɽһˣվץ̵һ̳š
ߺֿ˼ֺѩ֡
˶ʱ̬ȣ붪ǣ
Цŵͷֿ̣֮ԵŹ̵˵
һ֪Լ룬ǣϣϤš
̺ܸмûŶԼȥģֻҪ岻ңҹЧң
ʱһֱſ͵ձܹסˣֱŽ붪𣿡
һ죺źӵϹ˵ʲô
ǧ꣬ѵҪҡձܹȦ죬ʮί
óһ̹ӣһѣ˼ֺѩҲĬĬץһѣͬͬĬ
̱Ūе²ֻ̨ӲͷƤʵСܴô뿪𣿡
誵ͷңʮޡ
ϵͳĬĬ˵ֻǵ˵ͷ
վ˼ѩձպʮ
Ҳû뵽ĻôԸȥ̲סϵͳʵ᲻ᡭ
Լҩ飬ӡǣһһ֣ûϵ250ҡҡͷ
˵ֲԼ˼ֺѩ֣ڳλá
˵ãΪλ治ͬǵʵѹƣֻûôǿɽҲ޵еĴˡ
֪ˡ֣صĵͷ
調˼˵˼֣뿪֮ǰȰĳҳ
˼ȴҡҡͷǸˣѾɱˣǵɱСŵˡ
û뵽СҲ̲סٴ
ܿ죬վžͻˣѾ˵ո
ոĸ˵һ;ȥ翴γһֻԵ
㺢ӻزҲûϵһ죬ǻ̤գȥǵġ
Ȼǰվű뱣Լٷ֮ǰ¡
֪ոĸͬ⣬Ҳ׼뿪顣
ǲɫѲҵ磬ȻҲﱸһݵϷ롣
ŵҹͻȻϮȻӣոڹؼʱ̾ߡŮƽϢȻӱΪƽء
Ͷڿռ˿һУĺ޲Ƕδ;Ρ
ϵͳύس󣬴ʽ
ŻеĲ˽ǣס˰˵֡
ڿռ䴩Խ棬ռĺ嫵ӣٴУһɫ涴
سûп죬ϡ˵ָø
調Ƶļ¼ĹҲûзŹ
ʮ˿һ¥ãȺҼС
淢ʲô£誼״üʵ
ϵͳǰһҳ飬ٲѯһֻϣ
˵ֱӳ˿ռ䣬棬һ̲ץסһֵŮҪҧ£һ̣ͱһѳ̴
һ¾͸һʮգû뵽չʹſңһ״˲ըһ̲
ֻû뵽ǿһ£ԷȻҺ̬ѡ
誼״ֶһֽҺ˲ȼܴ𣬲ҽа
ʱάͻȻƯŮ¶֮ɫֽǷ־ʢĸֵģ
ɢʿˡ誼ŴŻؼңӦֱת
ŮôԱߵСܼԱʶ򱧲ƽû뵽һһջ
ĮȻתˣϲۣ
ƾշɽһ־ͱݺˣֻڨڨͷ
⣬ŽһıǷ˳
վһ̲סԹղЩ˭ᣡ
ͬʾá
ŲЦЦˣȻ·ҼһǧԶأҴɻһ¡
ﲻʹ÷з𣿡վһֱ֮ǰʥס
̺ձʵͬѹʹ÷зǴ´ġ
ȴûָоһйؼ
ĽͣȻԣϤһܶͷ׽ݿ
﷨ʮϿɱ͵ǷεģҪϤ
ԭ߰ɣվŶʱȻ
ȴסˣΪСû֤ɻ
ôˣ״ʵ
ҡҡͷûʲôȵռ䣬ȴǻؼҡ
ðɡվżҲûԣҲûʣΪô϶ĵ
誣óռֻϹƱȻϵүү̡
˲䣬үү˲ӯ𣿡



206 ӭؼ
үүʵһүү̣ҴϱˣڽǣСʱ󵽼ҡ
ڶ뿪Ǻүү˵ģͬʱ˵ĵһС
Ҳ֪ȥһܲټүү̺ͰְȴļܽΣֻҪź
үүһʱ˻ˣæ˵úãҺȥ򼸸ˣúչ˼ңǧµ֪𣿡
ţмѣպһءЦŵͷ
ã·СġүүȰĴӦһæҶϵ绰ϰš
誴˳ȥ·Ҳְִȥ绰ְҲЩʡ
ҪΪѰ֤Ҳһٰ
绰ոչҶϣֻмŮ誵ĶĤҲþ﷢᣺ˣ
ţ裬Сʱ󵽡֪Ц˵
ãͺáů¿Ĳѣæʵأһ𣿡
أõǡҸĵͷ
Ŷݵľ壬վײһĸ첲С㣬żҲŶȫֵ֧ġ
崹ûлشֻǴʱ˿̣İװ
վ̶ָָ㣬ѩ˼ʱʱͼ䣬̺ձҲʮĿİ硣
ɻɽƲһ̣ǲŷ֣ʿʵҲʮ㡣
һСʱɻأ誴ֱһаͣ˾ǻȥ
ûĳУ誼Ÿ߼ջֱ⳵ãȷʵͿĵͬǻȥ
ϾڵͬգУҡ
һŸ߼ֽԪһаͳһҲһǧѡ
һιѼ˷ųаͳûһ͵
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ҲˣԸȽϹƧһЩ󰮺˵
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